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Psychophysiology > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of tumors?

A

Benign and malignant

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2
Q

Why are benign tumors benign?

A

They are encapsulated

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3
Q

How do tumors damage the brain? (2 ways)

A

Compression and infiltration

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4
Q

Explain primary versus secondary CNS tumors

A

Primary tumors start in the CNS and secondary tumors metastasize to the brain

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5
Q

What are the most common strains of cancer to cause secondary brain tumors?

A

Lung and breast cancer

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6
Q

What is the most severe form of tumor grading?

A

Grade 4

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7
Q

What are the most common primary brain tumors?

A

Gliomas (which include astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)) and meningiomas

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8
Q

What are the treatments for tumors?

A

Surgical resection (partial and full), radiation, chemotherapy

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9
Q

Definition of seizures

A

A period of sudden, excessive activity of cerebral neurons (dysfunction in electric neurons)

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of seizures?

A

Partial/focal and generalized

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11
Q

What are the types of partial/focal seizures?

A

Simple partial
Complex partial

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12
Q

What are the types of generalized seizures?

A

Tonic-clonic (grand-mal)
Absence (petit-mal)
Atonic (drop seizure)

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13
Q

What are the phases of a tonic-clonic seizure?

A

Aura stage, tonic stage, clonic stage, postictal stage

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14
Q

What makes up the ictal stage?

A

Tonic and clonic stages

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15
Q

What are the most common mental health issues resulting from epilepsy?

A

ADHD, anxiety, and aggression

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16
Q

What is a prion disease?

A

Occurs when prion protein, found throughout the body, begins folding into an abnormal three-dimensional shape

17
Q

Types of prion diseases?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Kuru disease

18
Q

What is the definition for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Caused by the degeneration of dopamine-secreting neurons in the substantia nigra that send axon to the basal ganglia; a deficiency of automatic, habitual, controlled motor responses

19
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Dystonia
Bradykinesia
Shuffling gait
Face masking
Tremors (pill rolling tremor)

20
Q

Definition for Huntington’s Disease

A

Inherited disease resulting in degeneration of the basal ganglia

21
Q

Typical age of onset of HD

A

30-50 years old

22
Q

How many CAG repetitions have to occur for HD to occur?

A

36+

23
Q

What is the definition for ALS?

A

Degenerative disorder that attacks spinal cord and cranial nerve motor neurons (brain and brainstem) leads to brain and muscle connection loss

24
Q

Symptoms of ALS?

A

Progressive weakness and muscular atrophy
Eye movements are spared
Eventual loss of speech and swallow with paralysis

25
Q

What is the breakdown of sporadic versus inherited cases of ALS?

A

90% sporadic and 10% inherited

26
Q

Typical age of onset of ALS

A

Late 50’s

27
Q

Definition of multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune demyelinating disease; at scattered locations within the CNS, the person’s immune system attacks myelin sheaths, leaving behind hard patches of debris called sclerotic plaques

28
Q

Typical age of onset of MS

A

20’s to 30’s

29
Q

Risk factors for MS

A

More common in females than males
Living far from the equator
Black or white race
Smoking

30
Q

What are the 4 types of MS?

A

Relapsing-remitting (RRMS)
Secondary progressive (SPMS)
Primary progressive (PPMS) - symptoms start and just continue to progress
Progressive-relapsing (PRMS)

31
Q

What are causes of meningitis?

A

Virus
Bacteria
Fungus
Parasite

32
Q

What is the etiology of meningitis?

A

Spread of middle-ear infection to the brain
Head injury
Embolus from the heart that dislodges from bacterial infection
IV drug use increases risk

33
Q

Definition of dementia

A

An umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking ability severe enough to interfere with daily life

34
Q

Types of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementia
Demential with Lewy Body disease
Fronto-temporal dementia

35
Q

What are the 3 types of fronto-temporal dementia?

A

Behavioral variant
Primary progressive aphasia
Movement disorders

36
Q

What are risk factors for schizophrenia?

A

Older paternal age
Atypical prenatal development (influenza, prematurity, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes)
Poor social adjustment and academic performance
Deficient psychomotor functioning (developmental milestones)

37
Q

Physical abnormalities of those with schizophrenia?

A

High-steepled palate
Partial webbing of two middle toes
Especially wide or narrow-set eyes

38
Q

What are some antipsychotic side effects?

A

Tardive dyskinesia
Akathisia
Pseudo-Parkinsonism
Acute dystonia

Psychophysiology (4 decks)

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