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Cognitive Eval > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q
  • gives us the ability to draw upon past experience and learn new information
  • provides us with a sense of continuity in the environment and frees us from dependency in “here and now” situations.
A

memory

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2
Q

name the 4 sub-processes involved with memory.

A
  • attention
  • encoding
  • storage
  • retrieval
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3
Q

individuals with ___ impairments may report that they have memory problems.

A

attention

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4
Q

the ability to assign meaningfulness to verbal or nonverbal sensory info so that it can be recalled later

A

encoding

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5
Q

transfer of info into long-term memory which is a permanent memory store, sometimes referred to as retention.

A

storage

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6
Q

search for or activation of existing memory traces

A

retrieval

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7
Q

___ problems are known to be related to faulty organization of information at the time of encoding.

A

retrieval

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8
Q

name the 3 stages in the stage model of memory.

A
  • sensory memory
  • short-term memory
  • long-term memory
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9
Q
  • stored for a short period of time

- attend to only certain aspects of this, allowing some of this info to pass into the next stage

A

sensory memory

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10
Q
  • the information we are currently aware of or thinking about
  • attending to this info allows it to continue on the next stage
A

short-term memory (STM)

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11
Q

most of the information stored in short-term memory will be kept for approx. how many seconds?

A

20 to 30 seconds (quickly forgotten)

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12
Q
  • refers to the continuing storage of information.

- some of the info is fairly easy to recall, while other memories are much more difficult to access.

A

long-term memory (LTM)

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13
Q

taking it in - working memory

A

encoding

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14
Q

long-term memory

A

storage

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15
Q

getting it out

A

retrieval

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16
Q

-describe the level of processing theory.

A

a processing continuum - greater depth of processing leads to greater retention.

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17
Q

memory is distributed across a wide network of interconnected neurons located throughout the brain. when activated, this network works simultaneously (in a parallel fashion) to process info.

A

parallel distributed processing model (level of processing theory)

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18
Q

long-term memory is usually divided into which types of memory?

A
  • declarative
  • prospective
  • procedural
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19
Q

name the 2 components of declarative memory.

A
  • episodic

- semantic

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20
Q

“knowing that”

A

declarative memory

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21
Q

personally experienced events

A

episodic memory

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22
Q

knowledge of the world, meaning of words, facts, concepts, symbols

A

semantic memory

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23
Q

“what do I have to do”

A

prospective memory

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24
Q

name 2 examples of prospective memory.

A
  • return phone call in 10 mins

- mail letter when you pass mailbox

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25
Q

“how to…”

A

procedural memory

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26
Q

which part of the brain plays an important role in memory?

A

hippocampus

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27
Q

consolidates info from short-term memory into long-term memory

A

hippocampus

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28
Q

t/f - being tested on info helps you remember it better.

A

true

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29
Q

most short-term memories are ___ ___.

A

quickly forgotten

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30
Q
  • confused and disoriented stage
  • have difficulty in keeping track of ongoing activities (know where they are or remembering materials presented to them)
A

post traumatic amnesia

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31
Q
  • progressive dementia - development of plaque and neurofibrillary tangles in brain
  • difficulty in free recall
  • deficit in working memory
  • combination of amnesic syndrome and disturbances in the central executive system
A

alzheimer’s disease

32
Q

name the 2 different types of amnesia.

A
  • anterograde amnesia

- retrograde amnesia

33
Q

most common; involves the loss of the ability to form new memories.

A

anterograde amnesia

34
Q

which form of amnesia is the most common?

A

anterograde amnesia

35
Q

involves losing the ability to recollect past memories, although the ability to create new memories may remain intact. the loss of memories of events that occurred before onset

A

retrograde amnesia

36
Q

most movies present cases about __ __.

A

retrograde amnesia

37
Q

which type of amnesia did H.M. have?

A

anterograde amnesia

38
Q

describe the case of H.M.

A
  • removal of both hippocampi to stop seizures

- as a result, he was no longer able to form any new long-term memories.

39
Q
  • knowledge of memory tasks and function

- awareness of one’s own memory capacity and limitations

A

metamemory

40
Q

name 3 aspects of impairment in metamemory.

A
  • inaccurate perception of task demands
  • poor implementation of strategy
  • ineffective use of strategies
41
Q

name 5 keys theories regarding why we forget.

A
  • decay
  • interference
  • motivated forgetting
  • encoding failure
  • retrieval failure
42
Q
  • 13 questions based on RMBT
  • compares ratings of clients before and after RBMT
  • compares ratings of client, informant, and task performance
A

the memory awareness rating scale

43
Q
  • auditory verbal list learning task

- 3 repeated trials

A

hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT)

44
Q

same as HVLT, only recall 6 geometric shapes, 10 sec. exposure

A

brief visuospatial memory test (BBVMT-R)

45
Q

-auditory task - 8-9 digit # over repeated trials

A

serial digit learning test

46
Q

designed to predict difficulty with everyday memory problems

A

rivermead behavioral memory test (RMBT)

47
Q
  • auditory and visual recall tasks - includes immediate and delated
  • include recognition task
  • requires 30-45 mins
  • 4 parallel versions
A

rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT)

48
Q

which ages are involved in the rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT)? (adult and children)

A

16-96, children version - 5-10

49
Q
  • awareness before and after test - general questioning, specific prediction/estimation
  • recall of 20 objects - immediate, delayed
  • spontaneous strategy use - strategy probing and analysis of recall order
  • part II - strategy provided (induced encoding) - contextual theme
  • cued recall and recognition
A

the contextual memory test (CMT ) - dynamic test

50
Q

mental operations that the learners perform on the material to be remembered at the time of the assessment

A

encoding

51
Q

name the 5 types of retrieval demands.

A
  • free recall
  • cued recall
  • recognition
  • immediate recall
  • delated recall
52
Q

how many pieces of info are involved in immediate recall?

A

5-7 pieces of info

53
Q

name 3 interventions used for memory.

A
  • external adaptation, devices, apps, and strategies
  • memory internal strategy training
  • memory practice exercise and drill
54
Q

name 4 important considerations of choosing an external compensatory memory system.

A
  • type of functional memory complaints
  • memory strengths; impairments
  • personal style; preferences
  • external support and resources
55
Q

name a solution for remembering routes.

A

GPS

56
Q

name a solution for remembering to take medications.

A

medical alarms

57
Q

name the 3 benefits/requirements of external strategies.

A
  • repetition
  • summarizing
  • re-thinking
58
Q

name 6 examples of memory internal strategies.

A
  • mental rehearsal
  • anticipation
  • mental images and maps (visual imagery)
  • semantic clustering and chunking
  • verbal elaboration (story method)
  • name-face association
59
Q

name 3 methods of intervention for deficit specific training for memory.

A
  • lists of words
  • mnemonic techniques
  • computer program
60
Q

name a prerequisite for memory.

A

attention

61
Q

storage is often referred to as what?

A

retention

62
Q

which stage of memory involves encoding, storage, and retrieval?

A

long-term memory

63
Q

remember a few items at the same time - some of it goes into long-term memory and some of it is immediately spit out and then forgotten

A

working memory

64
Q

immediately spit out

A

response generator

65
Q

working memory is related to ___ ___.

A

executive control

66
Q

working memory is associated with which type of attention?

A

divided attention

67
Q

according to the level of processing theory, the more connections we make with more network, the memory will be ___.

A

stronger

68
Q

the level of processing theory moves from __ to ___ processing.

A

shallow to deep

69
Q

___ has an important role in remembering info.

A

testing/quizzing

70
Q

most people with dementia experience which type of amnesia?

A

anterograde amnesia

71
Q

people with poor metamemory do not use ____.

A

strategies

72
Q

slowly we lose it

A

decay of info

73
Q

there are other things that get in the way of learning

A

interference

74
Q

designed for mild cognitive training

A

memory group training

75
Q

have to generate your own info

A

self-generation

76
Q

if you’re being tested immediately after learning info, you will learn better

A

testing effect

77
Q

you will learn something today, something tmrw, etc. - space it out

A

spacing effect

Cognitive Eval (13 decks)

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