Week 2

Question 1

name the 3 cognitive treatment approaches.

Answer 1

1. remedial/deficit specific approach
2. functional approaches
3. integrated/multicontext approach

Question 2

name the 3 functional cognitive treatment approaches.

Answer 2

• adaptation (indirect)
• task specific training
• compensation

Question 3

• emphasis on improving and restoring the underlying impairment
• repetitive practice of impaired skill
• graded hierarchy
• predetermined hierarchical treatment sequence
• abstract tasks out of context
• learning principles (practice, repetitions, verbal feedback)

Answer 3

the remedial approach

Question 4

what do assessments for the remedial approach identify?

Answer 4

specific cognitive deficits

Question 5

what type of approach is the remedial approach?

Answer 5

bottom-up approach

Question 6

in the remedial approach, ____ to other tasks which require the use of the skill is assumed to take place spontaneously

Answer 6

generalization

Question 7

• emphasis on changing task performance rather than underlying skills
• minimizes or reduces use of impaired skills
• based on pessimism regarding recovery of function

Answer 7

the functional approach

Question 8

modify the environment

Answer 8

adaptation approach

Question 9

also could be referred to as the indirect approach

-increase or decrease the saliency of environmental stimuli or cues

Answer 9

adaptation approach

Question 10

name 3 ways of using the adaptation approach.

Answer 10

• create cues in the environment to enhance function
• reorganize or rearrange the environment
• design or create new environments

Question 11

name 6 examples of environmental adaptations.

Answer 11

• clothes pre-chosen
• items for lunch/dinner pre-organized
• programmed alarm messages
• introduce one task or task step at a time
• work task directed by another person
• adaptation of the house

Question 12

name 2 examples of matching task and environmental demands to person.

Answer 12

• identify task components with ability range (wipe table, fold napkins)
• identify environmental factors which optimize function

Question 13

• direct training of functional task
• repetition with vanishing cues
• combined with behavioral and errorless learning techniques
• capitalizes on procedural learning: “how to”

Answer 13

task specific training

Question 14

name 3 task specific functional training methods.

Answer 14

• divide tasks into sub-steps
• count number of tactile, verbal, visual cues for each sub-step
• gradually fade cues

Question 15

what 2 things are not required for task specific functional training?

Answer 15

insight and generalization

Question 16

• task methods are changed
• may include use of external aids
• awareness and acceptance are prerequisites
• learning and generalization are required.

Answer 16

compensation approach

Question 17

what 2 things are required for the compensation approach?

Answer 17

learning and generalization

Question 18

describe the continuum of the functional approach.

Answer 18

adaptation - no change in person, task specific training, compensation - change in the person is expected

Question 19

• directed at changing the person’s abilities while simultaneously adapting the task and environment to be at the just right challenge level.
• addressing the person, task, and environment

Answer 19

dynamic: multicontextual approach

Question 20

what type of assessment is the AR?

Answer 20

functional cognitive assessment

Question 21

why did OTs not assess and treat cognitive impairments historically?

Answer 21

thought other professions should do it

Question 22

what are the current national and professional policy priorities?

Answer 22

AOTA has argued that an interdisciplinary performance based screening approach should be implemented for individuals categorized as unimpaired on the CAM and the BIMs

Question 23

what is the most basic level in the hierarchy of cognitive skills?

Answer 23

attention (if we can’t attend we can’t do anything else)

Question 24

what does the remedial approach assume?

Answer 24

assumes automatic generalization and transfer of skills

Question 25

name 4 strengths of RehaCom.

Answer 25

• can grade up or down
• a lot of data can be obtained very easily through it
• can work on a lot of different cognitive impairments at once through a singular program
• easy to administer

Question 26

name 2 limitations of RehaCom.

Answer 26

• no evidence that spontaneous generalization exists

- the measurement is very much associated with the treatment - could lead to practice effect (priming)

Question 27

change the method of the task, the environment or the task itself to help the person perform the task as independently as possible

Answer 27

functional approach

Question 28

which populations would benefit from the task-specific approach?

Answer 28

• people with dementia

- people with severe cognitive impairments

Question 29

which type of memory is the last to go?

Answer 29

procedural memory

Question 30

name 4 strengths of the task-specific approach.

Answer 30

• can prepare them for specific skills that they may need when they return home
• strength-based - preserve what they do have
• client-centered
• very occupation-based

Question 31

name 4 limitations of the task-specific approach.

Answer 31

• only focuses on one task
• only one person - no groups
• not always adaptable
• designed for people in the community - not usually used for acute or subacute care (could also be a strength)

Question 32

involves someone changing something for themselves on their own

Answer 32

compensation approach