Week 9

Question 1

What is qualitative research?

Answer 1

Research that uses (non-numerical) qualitative data.
(first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, participant-observation, recordings made in natural settings, documents, and artifacts).

Question 2

What is mixed methods research?

Answer 2

Research that uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data.

Question 3

What is quantitative research?

Answer 3

Research that uses numerical data.

Question 4

What are 12 characteristics of qualitative research?

Answer 4

1. Naturalistic inquiry.
2. Emergent design flexibility.
3. Purposeful sampling.
4. Personal experience.
5. Empathic neutrality.
6. Unique case orientation.
7. Inductive analysis and creative synthesis.
8. Holistic perspective.
9. Context sensitivity.
10. Reflexivity.

Question 5

What is naturalistic inquiry in qualitative research?

Answer 5

Studying unmanipulated real world situations.

Question 6

What is emergent design flexibility in qualitative research?

Answer 6

Adapting inquiry as situations change.

Question 7

What is purposeful sampling in qualitative research?

Answer 7

Choosing samples based on study interest.

Question 8

What is empathic neutrality qualitative research?

Answer 8

Being empathetic and neutral when collecting qualitative data.

Question 9

What is meant by dynamic systems in qualitative research?

Answer 9

Things change constantly.

Question 10

What is unique case orientation in qualitative research?

Answer 10

Assume each case in unique.

Question 11

What is inductive analysis and creative synthesis in qualitative research?

Answer 11

Creating a theory based off the data you have.

Question 12

What is holistic perspective in qualitative research?

Answer 12

Humans and phenomenon are complex systems.

Question 13

What are the 5 main methods of establishing validity in qualitative research?

Answer 13

1. Descriptive - Factual accuracy of researcher reports.
2. Interpretive - Accurately portraying qualitative data (good luck).
3. Theoretical - Degree to which the theory fits the data.
4. Internal - Is there clear cause and effect?
5. External - Can you generalise results?

Question 14

What are the strengths of qualitative research?

Answer 14

Provides informative that is not present in numerical data.

Question 15

What are the weaknesses of qualitative research?

Answer 15

Highly subjective, difficult to measure, susceptible to bias and human error.

Question 16

What are the 3 kinds of interviews can be used in qualitative research?

Answer 16

1. Structured.
2. Unstructured.
3. Semi-structured.

Question 17

What are the two strategies for reducing researcher bias in qualitative research?

Answer 17

1. Reflexivity - Thinking critically about interpretations and biases.
2. Negative case sampling - Searching for cases that challenge expectations of current findings.

Question 18

What are the two strategies for increasing researching interpretation validity in qualitative research?

Answer 18

1. Participant feedback.

2. Low-inference descriptors - Verbatim reporting.

Question 19

What are the three strategies for increasing theoretical validity in qualitative research?

Answer 19

1. Extended fieldwork - Spending enough time in the field to understand what’s going on.
2. Theory triangulation - Do interpretations conflict with established theories?
3. Peer review - Do others think it is valid?

Question 20

What is idiographic causation in qualitative research?

Answer 20

An action of an individual has an observable result.

Question 21

What is nomological causation in qualitative research?

Answer 21

The standard view of causation in science; refers to causal relationships among variables.

Question 22

What is naturalistic generalisation in qualitative research?

Answer 22

Generalisation made by the reader of the report.

Someone reads a paper and notices where it is applicable

Question 23

What is theoretical generalisation in qualitative research?

Answer 23

Generalising a theory generated by a qualitative study.