Week 10

Question 1

What are the 4 major qualitative research methods?

Answer 1

1. Phenomenology.
2. Ethnography.
3. Case study.
4. Grounded theory.

Question 2

What is phenomenology?

Answer 2

The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view. (Studying how people experience the world).

Question 3

What is the primary data collected method for phenomenology?

Answer 3

In-depth interviews.

Question 4

What is ethnography?

Answer 4

The systematic study of individual cultures.

Question 5

What is the emic perspective in ethnography?

Answer 5

A member of the culture’s perspective on the culture.

Question 6

What is the etic perspective in ethnography?

Answer 6

The researcher’s external perspective on the culture.

Question 7

What are the main data collection methods used in ethnography?

Answer 7

1. In-depth interviews.
2. Observations.
3. Researcher participation.

Question 8

What are gatekeepers in ethnography?

Answer 8

Group member who controls researcher access to the group.

Question 9

Define “ethnocentric”

Answer 9

Judgment of people in other cultures based on the standards of your own culture.

Question 10

What is going native in ethnography?

Answer 10

Becoming so involved in the group that you loose objectivity.

Question 11

What is a case study?

Answer 11

A detailed study of a specific subject (person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon).

Question 12

What are the main data collection methods for case studies?

Answer 12

1. In-depth interviews.
2. Observations.
3. Questionnaires.
4. Archival records.

Question 13

What is an intrinsic case study?

Answer 13

Focus is understanding an individual case, organization, or event (Does not wish to generalise or conduct further research).

Question 14

What is an instrumental case study?

Answer 14

Focus is understanding a case (sometimes multiple) with the hopes of generalisation or theory building.

Question 15

What is a collective case study?

Answer 15

Studying multiple cases.

Question 16

What is a cross-case analysis?

Answer 16

Comparing cases from collective case studies.

Question 17

What is grounded theory?

Answer 17

A methodology for generating and developing a theory that is grounded in the particular data.

Question 18

What are the 3 steps of grounded theory called?

Answer 18

1. Open coding - Trying to explain patterns in data.
2. Axial coding - Choosing important explanations and ordering them.
3. Selective coding - Finalise the explanations.

Question 19

What are the 4 characteristics of a grounded theory?

Answer 19

1. Needs to fit data.
2. Must provide understanding.
3. Have a degree of generalisability.
4. Provides a degree of control of the phenomenon.

Question 20

What is theoretical saturation in grounded theory?

Answer 20

Occurs when no new information relevant to the grounded theory is emerging from the data and the grounded theory has been validated.

Question 21

Define “compatibility thesis”

Answer 21

The idea that qualitative and quantitative research can be used together.

Question 22

What is pragmatism?

Answer 22

Philosophy focusing on what works as the criterion of what should be viewed as tentatively true and useful in research and practice.

Question 23

What is inside-outside validity in mixed-methods research?

Answer 23

Both insider and objective outsider perspectives are presented by researcher.

Question 24

What is weakness-minimising validity in mixed-methods research?

Answer 24

Present when the researcher compensates for the weakness of one approach through the use of an additional approach.

Question 25

What is sequential validity in mixed-methods research?

Answer 25

Ensuring that the ordering of quantitative and qualitative components in a sequential design does not bias the results.

Question 26

What are the 5 main types of validity for mixed-methods research?

Answer 26

1. Inside-outside validity.
2. Weakness-minimising validity.
3. Sequential validity.
4. Sample integration validity.
5. Multiple validities.

Question 27

What is sample integration validity in mixed-methods research?

Answer 27

Researchers must not treat the quantitative and qualitative samples as equal, but, instead, draw appropriate conclusions from each sample.

Question 28

What is multiple validities in mixed-methods research?

Answer 28

Making sure your mixed methods study meets appropriate quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods validity types.

Question 29

What are the two main elements on the design matrix for mixed methods research?

Answer 29

1. Time order - Sequential or concurrent (One after the other or at the same time).
2. Paradigm - Dominant and equal methods (does the study require quantitative more than qualitative?).

Question 30

What is a design matrix for mixed-methods design?

Answer 30

A 2 by 2 table that consists of all possible mixed-methods designs.

Question 31

What are the three basic designs types in the mixed-methods design matrix?

Answer 31

1. Convergent parallel.
2. Explanatory sequential.
3. Exploratory sequential.

Question 32

What is convergent parallel design in mixed-methods research?

Answer 32

Quantitative and qualitative research is done concurrently.

Question 33

What is explanatory sequential design in mixed-methods research?

Answer 33

Quantitative research is done before qualitative research.

Question 34

What is exploratory sequential design in mixed-methods research?

Answer 34

Qualitative research is done before quantitative research.

Question 35

What are the three advanced design types in the mixed-methods design matrix?

Answer 35

1. Embedded.
2. Transformative.
3. Multiphase.
   (Just so you know, don’t need to know what they are).