week 8: upper extremity p.2 Flashcards
anatomy necessary for PA, lateral, and oblique finger x-rays
distal, middle, proximal phalanx
distal metacarpal
associated joints
anatomy necessary for AP thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints
anatomy necessary for PA oblique thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium
associated joints
anatomy necessary for lateral thumb x-rays
distal, proximal phalanx
first metacarpal
trapezium (superimposed)
associated joints
anatomy necessary for PA and oblique hand x-rays
entire hand (all phalanxes) and wrist (all carpals)
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: fan lateral
entire hand and wrist, 1 inch of distal ulna/radius
anatomy necessary for lateral hand x-ray: lateral in flexion/extension
entire hand and wrist
1 inch of distal ulna/radius
thumb should be slightly oblique and free of superimposition with joint spaces open
for a hand x-ray lateral in flexion/extension, the thumb should be _________ and _________________
slightly oblique, free of superimposition with joint spaces open
regarding anterior versus posterior distal radial margins, the posterior edge is ___________ whereas the anterior edge is ___________
blunt, rounded
in a PA wrist x-ray, the second through fifth CM joint spaces are (open/closed)
open
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist x-ray
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints;
-pertinent soft tissues of wrist,
-all intercarpal spaces do not appear open because of irregular shapes that result in overlapping
-2-5th CM joint spaces open
anatomy necessary for a PA oblique wrist x-ray
-trapezium and scaphoid should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
for a PA oblique wrist x-ray, ___________ should be well visualized with only slight superimposition of other carpals on their medial aspects
trapezium and scaphoid
anatomy necessary for a lateromedial wrist x-ray
-mid and proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
true lateral evidenced by:
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed
how do you determine if a lateromedial wrist x-ray is in a true lateral position?
-ulnar head and distal radius superimposed
-proximal 2nd-5th metacarpals superimposed
how much superimposition of distal radioulnar joint should there be in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation?
minimal
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with ulnar deviation
proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
-scaphoid demonstrated without foreshortening
anatomy necessary for a PA wrist with radial deviation
-proximal metacarpals
-carpals
-distal radius/ulna, and associated joints
in a PA wrist with ulnar deviation, the scaphoid should be demonstrated _____________
without foreshortening
anatomy necessary for an AP forearm
-1.5 inches distal humerus
-1.5 inches proximal carpals
-ulna and radius
-humerus epicondyles in profile
-radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly imposed by ulna
anatomy necessary for a lateromedial forearm
1.5 inches distal humerus
1.5 inches proximal carpals
ulna and radius
-head of ulna superimposed over radius
-humeral epicondyles superimposed
-radial head superimpose coronoid process, with radial tuberosity demonstrated
an AP projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR
parallel
a lateromedial projection of the elbow has the inter-epicondylar plane ________ to the IR
perpendicular
a medial (internal) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR
45 degrees
a lateral (external) oblique elbow projection has the inter-epicondylar plane _________ to the IR
45 degrees
the medial (internal) oblique projection best visualizes…
coronoid process of ulna, trochlea
the lateral (external) oblique projection best visualizes…
radial head and neck of radius, capitulum of humerus
what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm elevated?
-radial head proximal to the coronoid process
-capitulum posterior to the medial trochlea
what will be seen in a lateral elbow with the distal forearm depressed?
-radial head distal to the coronoid process
-capitulum anterior to the medial trochlea
