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w.RADT 131 > week 10: humerus, shoulder > Flashcards

week 10: humerus, shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

in an AP humerus x-ray, the epicondyles are ________ to the IR

A

parallel

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2
Q

in a lateromedial humerus x-ray, the epicondyles are _______ to the IR

A

perpendicular

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3
Q

what is the general kVp range for humerus x-rays?

A

70-85 kVp

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4
Q

in a lateromedial humerus x-ray, the _______ is placed father away from the IR than the ________ (image analysis)

A

capitulum, medial trochlea

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5
Q

because of medial trochlea/capitulum placement in reference to the IR, in a lateromedial projection, the _________________ (image analysis)

A

capitulum will be projected to be distal to the medial trochlea

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6
Q

what is the general kVp range for shoulder x-rays?

A

70-85 kVp

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7
Q

what is the more descriptive name for the Lawrence method?

A

inferosuperior axial projection of shoulder

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8
Q

what is the more descriptive name for the Grashey method?

A

AP Oblique Projection – Glenoid Cavity

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9
Q

what are the two bones that make up the shoulder girdle?

A

clavicle, scapula

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10
Q

mobility type of SC, AC, and SH joints

A

diarthrodial

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11
Q

movement type of the scaphohumeral joint

A

ball and socket (spheroidal) joint

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12
Q

movement type of SC joint

A

double plane (gliding) joint

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13
Q

movement joint of AC joint

A

plane (gliding) joint

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14
Q

can you have the patient rotate their arm if a fracture/dislocation is suspected?

A

No

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15
Q

a true AP humerus will be demonstrated by

A

-greater tubercle of humerus in profile seen laterally
-lesser tubercle of humerus superimposed (now located anteriorly)

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16
Q

a true lateral humerus will be demonstrated by

A

-epicondyles directly superimposed
-lesser tubercle shown in profile medially, partially superimposed by lower portion of glenoid cavity

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17
Q

in humerus x-rays can scapula and clavicle be clipped from image?

A

yes

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18
Q

sufficient external rotation of AP shoulder (external rotation) evidenced by…

A

-greater tubercle visualized in full profile on the lateral aspect of the proximal humeral
-lesser tubercle superimposed over humeral head

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19
Q

where is the CR centered for an AP shoulder (external rotation)?

A

1 inch inferior to coracoid process

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20
Q

where is the CR centered for an AP shoulder (internal rotation)?

A

1 inch inferior to coracoid process

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21
Q

sufficient internal rotation of AP shoulder (internal rotation) evidenced by…

A

-lesser tubercle visualized in full profile on the medial aspect of humeral head
-outline of greater tubercle should be visualized superimposed over humeral head

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22
Q

how would you position a patient for an AP shoulder (external rotation)?

A

-position patient to center scapulohumeral joint to center of IR
-abduct extended arm slightly, externally rotate arm (supinate hand) until epicondyles of distal humerus are parallel to the IR

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23
Q

how would you position a patient for an AP shoulder (internal rotation)?

A

-position patient to center scapulohumeral joint to center of IR
-abduct extended arm slightly; internally rotate arm (pronate hand) until epicondyles of distal humerus are perpendicular to IR

24
Q

where is the CR directed for a lawrence method x-ray?

A

Direct 25-30 degrees medially, centered horizontally to axilla and humeral head

25
Q

how is a patient positioned for a lawrence method x-ray?

A

Patient supine, shoulder raised approx. 2 inches (place support under shoulder)

26
Q

what is the orientation of the IR for an inferosuperior axial shoulder x-ray?

A

landscape

27
Q

how do you know you have properly positioned a lawrence method shoulder?

A

lesser tubercle of humerus are seen in profile

corocoid process (not acromion) seen

28
Q

how is the arm positioned for a lawrence method shoulder x-ray?

A

arm abducted 90 degrees from body

29
Q

where is the CR centered for a Grashey method x-ray?

A

Scapulohumeral joint (approx. 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial from the superolateral border of shoulder)

30
Q

where is the scapulohumeral joint?

A

approx. 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial from the superolateral border of shoulder

31
Q

what anatomy is to be demonstrated in a Grashey method x-ray?

A

glenoid cavity seen in profile without humeral head superimposition

32
Q

how many degrees should the patient be rotated for a Grashey method x-ray?

A

35-45 degrees toward affected side

33
Q

what is the CR angle for AP Axial Clavicle

A

-asthenic patients require 25-30 degrees
-hypersthenic patients require 15-20 degrees

34
Q

is the CR angled cephalad or caudal for a AP Axial Clavicle x-ray?

A

cephalad

35
Q

what is the orientation of the IR for clavicle x-rays?

A

landscape

36
Q

what are the respiration instructions for clavicle x-rays? why?

A

suspend at end of inhalation; helps to elevate clavicles

37
Q

what is the anatomy to be demonstrated on a clavicle x-ray (both AP and AP axial)

A

entire clavicle, AC joint, SC joint, acromion process

38
Q

which is the best projection for clavicles in terms of a radiation protection standpoint?

A

PA projection

39
Q

is the PA projection for clavicles angled caudal or cephalad?

A

caudal (opposite of AP projection)

40
Q

how would you position patient for an AP Scapula?

A

abduct arm 90 degrees and supinate hand (“salute”)

41
Q

where is the CR centered for AP Scapula?

A

“mid-scapula”; 2 inches inferior to coracoid process (or to level of axilla) and approximately 2 inches medial from lateral border of patient

42
Q

what gives the “Y” view of lateral scapula x-ray?

A

direct superimposition of lateral and vertebral (medial borders) of scapula

43
Q

where is the CR centered for a lateral Scapula?

A

midvertebral border of scapula

44
Q

which of the scapula borders is thicker? thinner?

A

thicker = lateral
thinner = medial/vertebral

45
Q

how is the patient positioned in a lateral scapula x-ray? (Per textbook)

A

patient rotated 45-60 degrees; patient facing IR

46
Q

AP Scapula breathing instructions

A

orthostatic breathing; exposure for minimum of 3 seconds

47
Q

how do you know if a lateral scapula x-ray is overrotated?

A

thicker nearest thorax = too much rotation

48
Q

how do you know if a lateral scapula x-ray is underrotated?

A

thinner nearest thorax = insufficient rotation

49
Q

in a lateral scapula x-ray, where is the acromion process?

A

on the “outer”/lateral portion of the x-ray; coracoid is more medial

50
Q

if a patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder in an AP clavicle x-ray, what will occur?

A

medial end of clavicle is drawn away from vertebral column

51
Q

if a patient is rotated toward the unaffected shoulder in an AP clavicle x-ray, what will occur?

A

medial end of clavicle is drawn towards the vertebral column

52
Q

where will the superior scapular angle be if a patient is tilted anteriorly for a clavicle x-ray?

A

superior angle will be above clavicle

53
Q

where will the superior scapular angle be if a patient is tilted posteriorly for a clavicle x-ray?

A

superior angle will be below clavicle

54
Q

an AC joints x-ray (can/cannot) be taken at either 40 inch or 72 inch SID

A

can

55
Q

where is the CR directed in a unilateral AC joint study?

A

1 inch below affected AC joint

56
Q

where is the CR directed in a bilateral AC joint study?

A

midpoint between AC joints, 1 inch above jugular notch

w.RADT 131 (11 decks)

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