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w.RADT 131 > week 8: upper extremity > Flashcards

week 8: upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

display these as if the patient were hanging from the fingertips

A

finger, wrist, and forearm

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2
Q

display these as if they were hanging from the shoulder

A

elbow, humerus

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3
Q

what determines whether you use table top versus bucky?

A

grids not used when anatomic part is less than 10cm (4 inches) and less than 60 kVp is needed = tabletop

over 10cm and greater than 60 kVp = bucky

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4
Q

non-bucky table top exams

A

fingers
hand
wrist
forearm
elbow

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5
Q

gray scale for extremity work = ____________

A

high contrast, sharp definition

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6
Q

no gown for these exams

A

fingers, hands, wrist

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7
Q

maybe a gown for these exams

A

forearm, humerus, shoulder girdle

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8
Q

what is to note about seating the patient for a table top exam?

A

“Oblique” their body so primary beam is not directed at their lap

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9
Q

for upper extremity work, patients need __________

A

to have gonadal shielding

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10
Q

what does PIP joint stand for?

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

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11
Q

what type of rotation do you have the patient preform for oblique finger digits 3-5?

A

lateral rotation

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11
Q

why is medial rotation preferred for 2nd digit oblique finger XR?

A

keeping the anatomy of interest closer to the IR

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12
Q

what type of rotation do you have the patient preform for oblique finger digit 2?

A

medial rotation

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13
Q

Finger: Lateral projections for which digits?

A

2nd digit = mediolateral projection
3-5th = lateromedial projection

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14
Q

how to determine a true lateral on lateral finger XR?

A

one side (posterior) straight, one side (palmar) on concave

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15
Q

routine projections for finger

A

PA, oblique, lateral

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16
Q

routine projections for thumb

A

AP, PA oblique, lateral

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17
Q

what type of joint is the thumb

A

saddle

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18
Q

where is the CR centered for thumb exams?

A

first MCP joint

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19
Q

where is the CR centered for PA oblique projection of hand?

A

third MCP joint

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20
Q

where is the CR centered for PA projection of hand?

A

third MCP joint

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21
Q

where is the CR centered for fan lateral/lateral in extension of hand?

A

second MCP joint

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22
Q

where is the CR centered for PA and AP projection of the wrist?

A

midcarpal area

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23
Q

where is the CR centered for a PA oblique projection of wrist?

A

midcarpal area

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24
Q

where is the CR centered for a lateromedial projection of the wrist?

A

midcarpal area

25
Q

where is the CR centered for a PA projection with ulnar deviation of the wrist?

A

scaphoid, angled 10-15 degrees proximally

26
Q

where is the CR centered for a PA projection with radial deviation of the wrist?

A

midcarpal aera

27
Q

what does MCP joint stand for?

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

28
Q

what is another name for scaphoid bone?

A

navicular bone

29
Q

what does ulnar deviation “move”?

A

scaphoid

30
Q

what does radial deviation “move”?

A

lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, and hamate

31
Q

what are the proximal row carpal bones, moving from radius to ulna (lateral to medial in anatomical position)

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

32
Q

what are the distal row carpal bones, moving from radius to ulna (lateral to medial in anatomical position)

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

33
Q

for wrist x-rays, the elbow and the wrist need to be ______________

A

on the same plane (not necessarily same position)

34
Q

Ulna “out” anteriorly for a lateral wrist x-ray means you have ________ the hand

A

supinated

35
Q

Radius “out” anteriorly for a lateral wrist x-ray means you have ________ the hand

A

pronated

36
Q

for forearm and elbow x-rays, ________________ are all in same plane

A

shoulder, elbow, wrist

37
Q

does the radius cross over the ulna, or does the ulna cross over the radius?

A

radius crosses over the ulna

38
Q

AP forearm with hand pronated is _______ because _____________

A

incorrect, radius crosses over the ulna

39
Q

where is the CR center for AP forearm and lateromedial forearms? any CR angulation?

A

mid-forearm area, 0 angulation

40
Q

how much of carpal bones/humerus are needed to be shown in forearm x-rays?

A

⅓ distal humerus
⅓ proximal carpal bones

41
Q

Olecranon process is on the ______

A

proximal end of the ulna

42
Q

where does the CR enter for an AP elbow?

A

mid-elbow joint (a point approx. 3/4 inch distal to midpoint of a line between epicondyles), 0 angulation

43
Q

where does the CR enter for a lateral elbow?

A

mid-elbow joint (a point approx. 1 1/2 inches medial to easily palpated posterior surface of olecranon process)

44
Q

what are the “three concentric arcs” of the lateral elbow?

A

trochlear sulcus
outer ridges of capitulum and trochlea
trochlear notch of ulna

45
Q

how many fat pads are of note in a lateral elbow? what are they?

A

3
anterior fat pad
supinator fat pad
posterior fat pad within olecranon process

46
Q

this view of the elbow best visualizes radial head and neck of the radius and capitulum of humerus

A

AP oblique projection lateral (external) rotation

47
Q

this view of the elbow that best visualizes coronoid process of ulna and trochlea in profile

A

AP oblique projection medial (internal) rotation

48
Q

the AP oblique projection of elbow with medial (internal) rotation best demonstrates _________________

A

coronoid process of ulna, trochlea in profile

49
Q

the AP oblique projection of elbow with lateral (external) rotation best demonstrates _________________

A

radial head and neck of the radius and capitulum of humerus

50
Q

for thumbs and fingers, raise ___________________

A

IR so forearm and hand are on same plane

51
Q

what is another name for wrist ulnar deviation?

A

“scaphoid view”

52
Q

which lateral hand projection is preferred for the hand if phalanges are the area of interest?

A

fan lateral

53
Q

Which lateral hand projection is preferred if localization of a metallic foreign body in the palm of the hand is of interest (best demonstrates the metacarpals)?

A

lateral in extension

54
Q

Hand x-rays
_________ is best for demonstrating metacarpals; _________ is best for demonstrating phalanges

A

lateral in extension = metacarpals
fan lateral = phalanges

55
Q

the 2nd through 5th CMC joints are _______ joints, which allow the ___________

A

plane (gliding)-type joints, least amount of movement of the synovial joints

56
Q

in a PA oblique wrist x-ray, ___________ should be well visualized with _____________ on their _____ aspects

A

trapezium and scaphoid, only slight superimposition of other carpals, medial

57
Q

in a PA wrist x-ray, all intercarpal spaces (do/do not) appear open. what is the reasoning behind this?

A

do not, irregular shapes that result in overlapping

58
Q

External finger rotation = if anterior surface is rotated towards ______________________

A

thumb

59
Q

Internal finger rotation = ______________

A

thumb prevents this movement

60
Q

For a PA finger, if patient cannot extend fingers, _________________ can help visualize phalanxes and joint spaces

A

switching to an AP projection

w.RADT 131 (11 decks)

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