Week 8- Toxicology!! & Street Drugs!

Question 1

What are the 2 main systems that the nervous system is made of?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)
AND

Peripheral Nervous System
1. Somatic Nervous system: involuntary movements
2. Autonomic Nervous system: SNS and PNS!!!

Question 2

What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 2

fight or flight response, prepares the body for physical activity and it can also be stimulated by immune response

Question 3

What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 3

for rest and digest, vegetative function!

Question 4

Are the PNS and SNS both agonist or antagonists?

Answer 4

ANTAGONISTIC resulting in homeostasis

Question 5

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 5

the body’s chemical messengers

molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles

Question 6

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 6

where the magic happens (the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another and is where the electrical signal translated to a chemical signal that can be perceived by the next neuron)

Question 7

What is alpha 1 responsible for?

Answer 7

BLOOD pressure (vasoontricts)

Question 8

What is beta 1 responsible for?

Answer 8

HEART RATE!! ( 1 heart)
elevated HR

Question 9

What is beta 2 responsible for?

Answer 9

VASODILATION!!!! (decreased peripheral resistance)

bronchodilation!

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is stimulated from a cholinergic toxicity?

Answer 10

occurs when too much acetylcholine is present in the receptor synapse leading to excessive parasympathetic effects

Question 11

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

ACTEYLCHOLINE

Question 12

What is the pneumonic for Cholinergic/ Anti-cholinesterase “Wet patient” ?

Answer 12

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI upset
Emesis

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriciton
Excitation
Lacrimation
Lethargy
Salivation

Question 13

What are anticholinergics?

Answer 13

they block the action of acetylcholine

Question 14

What are the common anticholinergic drugs ?

Answer 14

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s) less common now
Antipsychotics (quetiapine)
Cold, Sleep medications (antihistamines)
Scopolamine
Gravol
Jimson Weed
Atropine

Question 15

SYMPTOMS of anticholingerics toxicity??

Answer 15

mad as a hatter (altered LOA)
blind as a bat (mydriasis)
red as a beet ( flushed skin)
hot as a hare (dry skin)
dry as a bone (dry mucous membranes)

Question 16

What do TCA toxicities look like in the pt?

Answer 16

hot
dry skin
tachycardia and
loss of bowel sounds
loss of Na channels

Question 17

What channel do TCA’s block? and what does this result in?

Answer 17

blockade of sodium channels, slows the action potential within the cardiac muscle, and this causes the characteristics prolonged QT in TCA overdose

Question 18

What does prolonged QT syndrome look like?

Answer 18

normally very wide QRS, causes lethal rhythms if left untreated

RAPID transport!!

Question 19

What receptors for opioids have a large impact on?

Answer 19

chemoreceptors, which maintain our intrinsic drive to breath

Question 20

Because opioid OD have a large impact on chemoreceptors, how will the pt present with opioid toxicitiy?

Answer 20

By making these chemoreceptors less sensitive, there is a increase in Pc02 leading due to hypoventilation; this causes a decreased LOA and possible death

Question 21

What are sympathominmetics?

Answer 21

they mimic or enhance the actions of endogenous catecholamines of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

Question 22

Where do sympathomimetics directly effect?

Answer 22

directly activate adrenergic receptors or to indirectly activate them by increasing norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 23

What are sedatives-hypnotics?

Answer 23

affect your CNS (your brain and spinal cord) - have a relaxing calming effect

Question 24

What are the three main groups of sedatives?

Answer 24

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates.
Hypnotics (nonbenzodiazepines)

Question 25

How do pts who overdose on sedatives present?

Answer 25

everything goes DOOOOOWN!!!