Week 8: Respiratory Flashcards
What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts and flattens, descends in the chest wall, expands the abdominal wall.
What does the diaphragm do during expiration?
Diaphragm relaxes, chest wall and lungs recoil (contract).
Cough with cardiac happens with:
Left-sided heart failure
Acute cough time frame:
Less than 3 weeks
Duration of subacute cough:
3-8 weeks
Duration of chronic cough:
Greater than 8 weeks
Acute cough causes:
Viral URI, acute bronchitis, foreign body, smoking, ACE-I
Causes of subacute cough:
Post infectious, pertussis, reflux, bacterial sinusitis, asthma
Causes of chronic cough:
PND, asthma, GERD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiestasis
Type of mucus that is translucent, white, grey
Mucoid
Mucoid mucus is typically:
Viral, CF
Type of mucus that is yellow, green:
Purulent
Purulent mucus is typically:
Bacterial PNA
Foul smelling mucus is typically related to:
Lung abscess
Thick/tenacious mucus is related to:
CF
Hemoptysis can occur with:
Bronchitis, malignancy, CF
Normal breath sounds:
Vesicular, bronchovesicular, bronchial, tracheal
Adventitious breath sounds:
Crackles (rales), wheezes, rhonchi
Silent chest indicative of:
Asthma
Blood originating from the ___ is usually darker than blood from the respiratory tract and may be mixed with food particles.
Stomach
Asymmetry with chest expansion is indicative:
Of pleural effusion
This technique is imprecise and detects asymmetry of the chest also detects transmitted vibrations
Tactile fremitus
Normal percussion sounds for lungs:
Resonant
Breath sounds are usually louder in the:
Lower posterior lung fields
Breath sounds may be decreased when air flow is decreased as in: ____ or when transmission of sound is poor as in:______
Obstructive Lung disease prevention respiratory muscle weakness
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or COPD
With this exam technique ask the patient to say “ee”. You will normally hear a muffled long E sound.
Egophony
With this exam technique, ask the patient to say 99. Normally the sounds transmitted through the chest wall are muffled and in distinct. Louder voice sounds are called this:
Bronchophony
An e to a change indicated egophany is present and hearing a 99 clearly indicates bronchophony is present. Both of this is seen in:
Lobar consolidation from pneumonia
With this exam technique, ask the patient to whisper 99 or 1-2-3. The whispered voice is normally heard faintly and indistinctly, if at all.
Whispered pectoriloquy
For a FET listen over the trachea and ask the patient to take a deep breathe in and out as quickly as possible with mouth open. If patient is over 60 and the FET is greater than 9 seconds they are four times more likely to have:
COPD
What is Hoover’s sign in peds?
Seesaw breathing
Prolonged inspiration in peds is indicative of:
Croup
Prolonged expiration in peds is indicative of:
Asthma
What does PQRST stand for:
Promoting, preventing, precipitating, palliative factors
Quality/quantity
Region or radiation
Severity, setting, simultaneous symptoms, similar illnesses in the past
Temporal factors
Lower pitched, booming sound with percussion:
Hyperresonance (too much air)
High pitches musical sounds with percussion:
Tympany (intestines)
These breath sounds are soft, low pitched, heard throughout inspiration and no pause into expiration( inspiration longer), heard over most of both lungs.
Vesicular
These breath sounds are with inspiratory and expiratory separates by silent intervals (equal).
Bronchovesicular
These breath sounds are louder and higher in pitch, silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds (expiratory longer), over manubrium.
Bronchial
Normal lung sounds are ___ with percussion and ___ with auscultation.
Resonant
Vesicular
Consolidation lung sounds are ___ with percussion and ___ with auscultation.
Dull
Bronchial
Pneumothorax lung sounds are ___ with percussion and ___ with auscultation.
Hyperresonant
Diminished
Pleural effusion lung sounds are ___ with percussion and ___ with auscultation.
Dull
Diminished
Abnormal respiratory sound heard more during inspiration and characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds, each lasting just a few milliseconds.
Crackles (rales)
Deeper more rumbling, more pronounced during expiration, more likely to be prolonged and continuous and less discrete than crackles.
Rhonchi
Are rhonchi or crackles cleared with coughing?
Rhonchi
A continuous, high pitched, musical sound (almost a whistle) heard during inspiration or expiration.
Wheezes
