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Nurp 500: Health Assessment > Week 5- The Eyes > Flashcards

Week 5- The Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Causes flashing lights and new vitreous floaters:

A

Retinal detachment

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2
Q

Advanced open-angle glaucoma causes:

A

Peripheral vision loss

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3
Q

One-sides vision loss caused by stroke, trauma, or brain tumor. Need to go to ER

A

Hemianopsia

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4
Q

Degeneration of retina. Can be wet or dry.

A

Macular degeneration

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5
Q

Farsightedness:

A

Hyperopia

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6
Q

Aging vision, farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens d/t again:

A

Presbyopia

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7
Q

Nearsightedness:

A

Myopia

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8
Q

Central vision loss caused by:

A

Nuclear cataract, macular degeneration

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9
Q

Diplopia:

A

Double vision

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10
Q

Horizontal diplopia caused by:

A

Palsy of CN III or VI

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11
Q

Vertical diplopia caused by:

A

palsy of CN III or IV

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12
Q

Leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the US?

A

Primary open angle glaucoma

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13
Q

Gradual loss of vision in the peripheral fields that results from loss of retinal ganglion cells axons:

A

Primary open angle glaucoma

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14
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma exam findings:

A

Pallor and increasing size of the optic cup ( can be more than half the diameter of the optic disc)

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15
Q

This persists with one eye closed and suggests a problem with the cornea or lens:

A

Vertical diplopia

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16
Q

Normal double vision:

A

Physiologic diplopia

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17
Q

Near reaction tests CN?

A

III

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18
Q

Estropia is:

A

Inward deviation of the eye.

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19
Q

Exotropia is:

A

Outward deviation of the eye

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20
Q

Exopthalamus is:

A

Anterior bulging of the eye found in Graves’ disease

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21
Q

Black numbers on the ophthalmoscope indicate:

A

Positive diopter- focus on nearer objects.

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22
Q

Red numbers on the ophthalmoscope show:

A

Negative diopter: focus on objects farther away such as retinal vessels

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23
Q

Bi-convex and is used to focus on objects that are closer to the examiners eye such as anterior structures of the eye:

A

Plus or positive lens

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24
Q

Bi-concave and is used to focus on objects that are farther away from the examiners eye such as vitreous and retina:

A

Negative or minus lens

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25
Q

Neither convex nor concave and is used if neither the examiner’s nor the patients eyes have refractive errors (most clear view):

A

Zero lens (where you start)

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26
Q

What hand to what eye to visualize the right eye when using an ophthalmoscope?

A

Right hand/right eye

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27
Q

How far from eye with ophthalmoscope to visualize red reflex?

A

15 inches

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28
Q

What can cause an absent red reflex?

A

Cataract-lens is opaque
Detached retina
Children: retinoblastoma

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29
Q

Retinal arteries appear:

A

Light red, smaller, light reflex is bright

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30
Q

Retinal veins look:

A

Dark red, larger, light reflex is inconspicuous or absent

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31
Q

To inspect the fovea and the macula:

A

Have the patient look directly into the light

32
Q

To inspect the anterior structures like the lens:

A

May need to go up on the diopters to +10 or +20 to focus

33
Q

Posterior structures start at __ on the diopter.

A

0

34
Q

Drooping of the upper eye lid caused by damage to CN III

A

Ptosis

35
Q

Damage to sympathetic nerve supply:

A

Horner syndrome

36
Q

Subacute, nontender, painless nodule caused by a blocked gland inside the lid:

A

Chalzion

37
Q

Venous stasis leads to engorgement and swelling secondary to increased ICP ( meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trains, mass lesion)

A

Papilledema

38
Q

Findings of papilledema:

A 
Color pink, hyperemic
Often with loss of venous pulsations
Disc vessels more visible, more numerous, curve over borders of the disc 
Disc swollen with margins blurred 
Physiologic cup is not visible
39
Q

An enlarged blind spot present during visual fields by confrontation may indicate:

A

Affecting optic nerve-glaucoma, optic neuritis, papilledema

40
Q

To detect strabismus (general term for eso/exotropia):

A

Cover one eye, if opposite eye deviates inward/outward= strabismus of that eye

41
Q

If patient is nearsighted rotate diopter:

A

Counter clockwise (minus diopters)

42
Q

If patient is farsighted rotate diopter:

A

Clockwise (plus diopter)

43
Q

Visual receptive layer of the eye where light waves changed into nerve impulses?

A

Retina

44
Q

Retinal structures viewer through ophthalmoscope are:

A

Optic disc, retinal vessels, general background, and macula

45
Q

Area in which fibers from retina converge to form optic nerve?

A

Optic disc

46
Q

Where is optic disc located?

A

Located toward nasal side of retina

47
Q

Located on temporal side of fundus, slightly darker pigmented region surrounding doves centralis (area of sharpest and keenest vision), receives and transduces light from center of visual field?

A

Macula

48
Q

Area of keenest vision that is absent at birth but mature by 8 months?

A

Macula

49
Q

Lens is ___ at birth, growing ____ throughout life.

A

Nearly spherical, flatter

50
Q

Pupil size ___ in the aging adult.

A

Decreases

51
Q

Lens opacity resulting from a clumping of proteins in the lens:

A

Cataract formation

52
Q

Increased IOP

A

Glaucoma

53
Q

Breakdown of cells in macula of retina:

A

Macular degeneration

54
Q

When do halos appear around lights?

A

Acute narrow-angle glaucoma

55
Q

A blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma, with optic nerve and visual pathway disorders:

A

Scotoma

56
Q

When does night blindness occur?

A

Optic atrophy, glaucoma, or vitamin A deficiency

57
Q

What medication can cause cataracts or increased intraoccular pressure?

A

Prednisone

58
Q

What infections have ocular sequelae in the newborn?

A

Genital herpes and gonorrhea

59
Q

An undilated eye exam is limited to:

A

Posterior structures of the retina

60
Q

Dilated eye exam you can assess:

A

More peripheral structures, macula, and unexplained vision loss.

61
Q

Use red lenses on the ophthalmoscope for:

A

Nearsightedness

62
Q

Use black lenses on the ophthalmoscope for:

A

Farsightedness

63
Q

A small whitish depression in the optic disc, from which retinal vessels appear to emerge

A

Central physiologic cup

64
Q

Seen often around the optic disc that is not part of the disc itself and should not be included in estimates of disc diameter:

A

Rings and crescents

65
Q

Much less common but a dramatic finding of irregular white patches with feathered margins obscuring the disc edge, no pathologic significance

A

Medullated nerve fibers

66
Q

Is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the industrialized world:

A

Age-related macular degeneration

67
Q

A light beam shining onto one retina causes pupillary construction in both that eye:

A

Direct reaction to light

68
Q

A light beam shining into one retina causes pupillary constriction in the contralateral eye:

A

Consensual reaction

69
Q

Direct and consensual light reactions indicate which CN are intact?

A

II and III

70
Q

When a person shifts gaze from a far object to a near object, the pupils constrict:

A

The near reaction

71
Q

The near reaction indicates CN what is intact?

A

III

72
Q

Near reaction also tests:

A

Convergence (medial vectus muscle)

Accommodation (change in the shape of the lens caused by contraction of the ciliary muscles)

73
Q

CN IV (trochlear) damage due to head trauma, congenital causes, or central lesions, causes dysfunction of the superior oblique muscle leading to:

A

Diplopia

74
Q

Visual fields by confrontation is a valuable screening technique for:

A

Detection of lesions in the anterior and posterior visual pathway

75
Q

The best results for visual fields by confrontation is these 2 tests:

A

Static wiggle test

Kinetic red target test

76
Q

Causes of anterior pathway defects detected by confrontation include:

A

Glaucoma, optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, and glioma.

77
Q

Posterior pathway defects detected by confrontation include:

A

Stroke and chiasmal tumors

Nurp 500: Health Assessment (11 decks)

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