Week 2: Developing Child Flashcards
Asymmetrical tonic fencing appears when and disappears when in the newborn?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 4-9 months
The Moro (startle) reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 4 months
Palmar grasp appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 4-6 months
Plantar grasp appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 9 months
Stepping reflex begins when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 4-8 weeks
Placing reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 2 months
Rooting reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 3 months
Sucking reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 2-5 months
Parachute reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: 8-9 months
Disappears: persists throughout life
Truncal incurvation/galant’s reflex appears when and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 1-2 months
Plantar reflex(babinski) appears and disappears when?
Appears: birth
Disappears: 12-24 months
When can a child transfer an object between hands?
7 months
When does the fine pincer grasp develop?
10-11 months
Head control starts when and is established when?
Starts: 2 months
Established: 4-6 months
When does a child roll from abdomen to back:
5 months
When does a child roll back to abdomen?
6 months
When does a child sit without support?
8 months
When does a child go from prone to sitting?
10 months
Crawling age:
6-7 months
Creeping age:
9 months
Stands alone at what age?
10 months
Age when a child walks independently:
12-15 months
After what age should an infant with a head lag be evaluated?
6 months
When should a child be evaluated when they cannot pull to a standing position?
11-12 months should be evaluated for hip dysplasia
When does object permanence develop?
6-8 months
When should an infant smile at themselves in a mirror?
9 months
When does an infant smile in response to stimuli?
6-8 weeks
Why does a breastfed infant need iron supplementation at 6 months?
There is very little in breast milk and infant has depleted iron stores by that time.
Most common infant allergens?
Eggs, cow milk, and citrus
How to determine number of teeth an infant should have?
Age of child in months - 6= number of teeth
When is voluntary control of elimination possible?
Sphincter control happens at 18-24 months
When does a toddler walk well?
15 months
When can a child stand on one foot, walk on tiptoe, and climb with alternating feet?
3 years
When can a child throw a ball overhand?
18 months
When can a child draw circles?
3 years
When can a child build towers?
2 years
When does a child start using scissors, laces shoes, copies a square, and draws a 3 part stick figure?
4 years
When does a child tie shoes, uses a pencil well, prints a few letters, and draws a 9 part stick figure?
5 years
Prepubescence is defined as:
2 years preceding puberty and ends with 13th bday.
Average age of puberty in males and females:
Females- 12
Males- 14
Puberty is defined as:
Development of secondary sex characteristics
Post-pubescence is defined as:
1-2 years after puberty; skeletal growth is complete; reproductive functions matured.
Thelarche is:
Appearance of breast buds and girls will typically get period 2 years after this.
Adrenarche is:
Growth of pubic hair on mons pubis 2-6 months after thelarche
When should you not place a TB skin test?
If previous history of positive test.
If live vaccines or Ig one month before
Live vaccines can be given on the same day/ or same time as a TB skin test? T or F
True
What are the live vaccines?
MMR, varicella, MMRV, yellow fever, zoster
How to read a PPD?
Read across the arm, never up and down.
Measure induration not erythema.
Measured and recorded in mm not just positive or negative.
Interpretation of PPD:
Greater than 15 mm: positive in everyone
Greater than 10 mm: positive in children less than 4, people with other medical conditions, frequent exposure/travel to high prevalence areas
Scarlet fever is caused by:
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
Scarlet fever is transmitted from:
Direct contact with infected person or droplet spread, indirectly by contact with contaminated articles or ingestion of contaminated food.
Treatment of scarlet fever:
Antibiotics (PCN, erythro, cephalosporin)
Supportive care
Abrupt high fever, pulse increased out of proportion to fever, vomiting, ha, chills, malaise, abdomen pain, and halitosis are symptoms of what stage of scarlet fever?
Prodromal stage
Enanthema is the stage of Scarlett fever when:
Eruption on mucous membranes during first few days
STRAWBERRY TONGUE
Exanthema is the stage of Scarlett fever when:
Eruption occurs on skin
Rash appears 12 hours after prodromal signs
Erythema infectiousum is:
Fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum is caused by:
Human parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum is transmitted through:
Respiratory secretions and blood/blood products
Management of erythema infectiosum:
Supportive antipyretics and analgesics
Avoid pregnant women (teratogenic for fetus)
Children may return to school once rash appears
How erythema infectiosum occurs:
Fever, malaise, ha followed by a lacy rash 1 week later
Protection produced by the persons own immune system, often lifetime:
Active immunity
Protection transferred from another animal or human, effective protection that wanes over time:
Passive immunity
A live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response:
Antigen
Protein molecules (immunoglobulins) produced by B lymphocytes to help eliminate an antigen:
Antibody
