Week 8 Qualitative studies Flashcards
Quantitative research
uses structured, hypothesis-driven approaches to gather data that can be statistically analyzed
-numbers-focused
-testing exiting hypotheses
Qualitative research
uses in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and other unstructured or semi-structured methods to EXPLORE attitudes and perceptions, identify themes and patterns
-questions: why? How?
-to formulate new theories
Focus on a Phenomenon
The central concept a qualitative study wants to explore:
-I_____ health promotion programs
-C____ processes (best care plan)
-S____ change that may improve health
-P_____ of health and illness
->Why they adopt a health-related _______
->How they make health-related ______
Phenomena ______ be directly measured
-Researchers must be cautious of the ways their own thoughts, experiences, biases, and assumptions shape the ____ and interpretation of their research studies
Focus on a Phenomenon
The central concept a qualitative study wants to explore:
-Improve health promotion programs
-Clinical processes (best care plan)
-Social change that may improve health
-Perception of health and illness
->Why they adopt a health-related behaviors
->How they make health-related decisions
Phenomena cannot be directly measured
-Researchers must be cautious of the ways their own thoughts, experiences, biases, and assumptions shape the design and interpretation of their research studies
Qualtitative Research Planning Process
Philosophical Orientations
1) Ontology
-Nature of reality (realism to relativism; objectivity to subjectivity )
-think of an octopus having subjective opinions
Philosophical Orientations
2) Epistemology
Nature and defintion of knowledge and truth (positivism vs, interpretivism vs. critical theory)
Philosophical Orientations
3) Methodology
approach to data collection and analysis
1) Ontology
Realism in _________ studies (one reality exists that can be understood by _______ (observation) vs. ________ (there are multiple realities that cannot be fully understood)
Realities are subjectivity: different interpretations based on an evaluator’s beliefs, perceptions, and feelings
A subject imposes meaning on an object
Qualitative study typically seek to understand _________ aspects of human existence
1) Ontology
Realism in quantitative studies (one reality exists that can be understood by objective observation) vs. relativism (there are multiple realities that cannot be fully understood)
Realities are subjectivity: different interpretations based on an evaluator’s beliefs, perceptions, and feelings
A subject imposes meaning on an object
Qualitative study typically seek to understand subjective aspects of human existence
2) Epistemology
Quantitative study:
Qualitative study:
2) Epistemology
Quantitative study: researchers are independent from their study subjects and that researchers can control for possible biases in order to make objective measurements
Qualitative study: researchers and study participants are interdependent, and they create knowledge together as they interactively explore subjective topics
3)Axiology:
The study of values
Quantitative study:
Qualitative researchers assume that a researcher’s ____ affect the study
Axiology:
The study of values
Quantitative study: assumes rigorous procedures can control the impact of values and biases on study outcomes
Qualitative researchers assume that a researcher’s values affect the study
Theoretical Paradigms
P
C
C
P
Positivism (mostly quantitative)
Constructivism/Interpretivism
Critical theory
Pragmatism (mixed methods)
CCP Qualitative research
Philosophical Orientations
-Should align with the goals of the study and the selected ________ paradigm
-methodologies in the health sciences: phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case studies
-Should align with the goals of the study and the selected theoretical paradigm
-methodologies in the health sciences: phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case studies
Qualitative Study Designs
phenomenology
Phenomenology
-exploring how individuals interpret and find meaning in their ___ unique life experiences and feelings
-exploring how individuals interpret and find meaning in their own unique life experiences and feelings
-the perspective of the particpants