Week 8 - Neuro Part 2 Flashcards
Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax) - Use
- anxiety - skeletal muscle spasms (Diazepam) - seizure disorders / status epilepticus (Diazepam) - Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms (Diazepam) - induction of anesthesia (Diazepam)
Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax) - Adverse Effects
- paradoxical reaction (anxiety) - tolerance and physical dependence (esp. alprazolam)
Non-Benzodiazepine: Buspirone - Use
- short-term treatment of anxiety disorders such as GAD
Non-Benzodiazepine: Buspirone - Adverse Effects
- paradoxical effects - N&V
Tricyclic Antidepressants: Amitriptyline - Use
- Major Depression
Tricyclic Antidepressants: Amitriptyline - Adverse Effects
- orthostatic hypotension - anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention etc.) - increased risk for suicide
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Use
- Major Depression - Bipolar Disorder - Panic Disorder - OCD - Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Bulimia
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Adverse Effects
- weight gain - insomnia, nervousness - increased risk for suicide - serotonin syndrome - sexual dysfunction - hyponatremia
Serotonin / Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors - Venlafaxine - Use
- Major Depression - social anxiety disorder - GAD
Serotonin / Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors - Venlafaxine - Adverse Effects
- GI effects - hypertension - increased risk for suicide
Serotonin / Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors - Venlafaxine - Education
- take with food - take in morning
MAOIs: Phenelzine (Nardil) - Use
- depression that has not responded to other classes of antidepressants - depression in Bipolar Disorder
MAOIs: Phenelzine (Nardil) - Adverse Effects
- hypertensive crisis when consuming tyramine-containing foods - GI symptoms - suicidal ideation
Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion Hydrochloride (Wellbutrin) - Use
- depression - seasonal affective disorder - smoking cessation
Bupropion Hydrochloride (Wellbutrin) - Adverse Effects
- increased risk for seizures - psychosis, hallucinations - suicidal ideation
Lithium (Lithobid) - Use
- polyuria - goiter, hypothyroidism - toxicity due to narrow therapeutic range
Lithium (Lithobid) - Education
- take with food - drink 2-3 l water per day to prevent dehydration - avoid caffeine - consume adequate amount of sodium
Conventional Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine - Use
- schizophrenia - acute manic phase of Bipolar Disorder - relieves N&V - intractable hiccups
Chlorpromazine - Adverse Effects
- akathisia (first 2 months) - Parkinson-like symptoms (1st month) - acute dystonia (hours to days after first dose) - tardive dyskinesia - anticholinergic effects - sexual dysfunction - photosensitivity - neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Chlorpromazine - Education
- wear gloves when handling phenothiazines - avoid sun exposure, use sunscreen / protective clothing
Atypical Antipsychotics: risperidone (Risperdal) - Use
- treats both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia - bipolar disorder - irritability in clients with autism
risperidone (Risperdal) - Adverse Effects
- extrapyramidal effects - weight gain - new or worsening diabetes - increased cholesterol levels
Cholinergic agonists (Pilocarpine), Cholinesterase (echothiophate), and Beta-adrenergic blockers (betaxolol & timolol), ophthalmic drops - Use
Beta blockers: topical therapy that lowers IOP in open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma - Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors: topical therapy that lowers IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries or procedures
Cholinergic agonists (Pilocarpine), Cholinesterase (echothiophate), and Beta-adrenergic blockers (betaxolol & timolol), ophthalmic drops - Adverse Effects
- Beta blockers: stinging, burning, eye discomfort - systemic cardiac or respiratory effects (bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm)
Cholinergic agonists (Pilocarpine), Cholinesterase (echothiophate), and Beta-adrenergic blockers (betaxolol & timolol), ophthalmic drops - Education
- client should not rub eyes - avoid driving and other activities at night if vision is affected - teach client to recognize symptoms of retinal detachment (dark floaters, flashes of light, feeling as if “curtain” has been pulled over part of vision in one eye)
