Week 1 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Goal of Cardiovascular Drug Therapy
- Hypertension - Heart failure - Coronary heart disease - Cardiac dysrhythmias
Drug Therapy for Hypertension
- RAAS suppressants: ACEi, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists, direct renin inhibitors - Calcium channel blockers - Sympatholytics: beta blockers, alpha 1 blockers, alpha/beta blockers / centrally acting alpha 2 agonists, adrenergic neuron blockers - direct acting vasodilators
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
- ACE Inhibitors (end in -pril) - Beta Blockers (end in -lol) - Calcium Antagonists (Verapamil, Nifedipine, etc.)
Captopril / ACEi: Therapeutic Use
- Hypertension - Heart failure (HF) - Diabetic nephropathy
Captopril / ACEi: Adverse Drug Reactions
- dry, non productive cough - severe hypotension following first dose - angioedema - hyperkalemia - neutropenia
Captopril / ACEi: Client Instructions
- refrain from using potassium supplements and potassium-containing salt substitutes - do not take if pregnant / breastfeeding
Losartan / ARB: Therapeutic Use
- hypertension - stroke
Losartan / ARB: Client Instructions
- do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding
Losartan / ARB: Adverse Drug Reactions
- angioedema - headache, dizziness, hypotension, insomnia
Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Therapeutic Use
- hypertension - symptoms of heart failure following MI
Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Adverse Drug Reactions
Hyperkalemia
Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Client Instructions
- do not take potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes - do not take drugs that raise potassium level unless prescribed
Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor: Use
- hypertension
Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor: Adverse Reactions
- hyperkalemia - cough - angioedema
Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor
- no potassium supplements, salt substitutes or drugs that raise potassium levels unless prescribed - do not take if pregnant
Nifedipine / CCB: Therapeutic Use
- mild to moderate hypertension - angina
Nifedipine / CCB: Adverse Reactions
- reflex tachycardia - headache, dizziness - arrhythmias - facial flushing / perception of heat - peripheral edema of feet and legs
Nifedipine / CCB: Client instructions
Report HR less than 50 bpm
Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Use
- hypertension - benign prostatic hypertrophy
Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Adverse Reactions
- orthostatic hypotension, especially first dose - reflex tachycardia - headache / dizziness
Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Client Instructions
- take at bedtime
Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Use
- hypertension - angina pectoris - decrease mortality after MI - cardiac dysrhythmias - heart failure
Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Adverse Reactions
- bradycardia - heart failure -
Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Client Instructions
- check pulse daily before taking drug, report pulse slower than 60 bpm - don’t stop taking this drug abruptly
Reserpine / Adrenergic Neuron Blocker: Use
- hypertension
Reserpine / Adrenergic Neuron Blocker: Adverse Reactions
- severe depression / SI, can linger after Reserpine is discontinued - bradycardia - orthostatic hypotension - GI symptoms
Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Use
- hypertension - severe pain relief - ADHD
Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Adverse Reactions
- CNS effects - dry mouth - rebound hypertensive crisis
Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Client Instructions
- take at bedtime - do not abruptly stop taking med
Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Use
- hypertension - heart failure - prolongs chance or survival following MI
Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Adverse Reactions
- bradycardia - postural hypotension - exacerbation of asthma - dizziness / hypotension
Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Client Instructions
- check pulse before taking drug, report pulse slower than 60 bpm
Hydralazine / Direct-Acting Vasodilators: Use
- moderate to severe hypotension - hypertensive crisis - heart failure (short-term basis)
Hydralazine / Direct-Acting Vasodilators: Adverse Reactions
- reflex tachycardia - systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome - abrupt withdrawal: hypertensive crisis and heart failure
Drug Therapy for Heart Failure
- Thiazide diuretics - loop diuretics - potassium-sparing diuretics - inotropic agents - inotropic / sympathomimetics - inotropic / phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Use
- heart failure - cirrhosis of liver and renal failure - hypertension
Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Adverse Reactions
- electrolyte imbalance - hyperglycemia - increased uric acid levels (possible gout)
Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Client Instructions
- eat foods rich in potassium
Furosemide / Loop Diuretic:
