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141 - MSK (lower limb) > Week 8 - Myology of the lower leg, ankle and foot > Flashcards

Week 8 - Myology of the lower leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are in the superior posterior compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

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2
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum longus

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3
Q

What muscles are in the anterior crural (tibial) compartment?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum longus
Peroneus Tertius

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4
Q

What muscles are in the lateral crural compartment?

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

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5
Q

What are the origins and insertion for the gastrocnemius?

A

ORIGIN
Medial head: medial supracondylar ridge and adductor tubercle of femur.
Lateral head: outer surface lateral condyle of femur.

INSERTION
Via tendocalcaneus to posterior surface calcaneus.

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply for gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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7
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

A

Planter flexes ankle and flexes knee.
Provides propelling force for locomotion.
Can’t exert full power on both @ same time.

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8
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius?

A

Provides propulsive force when running, walking and jumping. Habitual wearing of high heels – shorted fibres as 2 muscle attachments are brought closer.

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Soleus?

A

ORIGIN
Soleal line posterior surface of tibia; posterior surface upper third fibula and fibrous arch between.

INSERTION
Via tendocalcaneus with gastrocnemius into posterior surface of calcaneus.

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10
Q

Nerve supply for Soleus?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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11
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Planterflexion of ankle

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12
Q

What is the function of soleus?

A

Placed to prevent the body falling forwards at ankle joint during standing – important postural muscle. Intermittent contraction when standing aids venous return.

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13
Q

Plantaris origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Lowest part of lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.

INSERTION
Tendocalcaneus or to medial side of posterior surface of calcaneus.

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14
Q

Plantaris nerve supply?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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15
Q

Plantaris action?

A

Weak flexor of the knee and plantarflexor of ankle joint.

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16
Q

Popliteus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Outer surface lateral condyle of femur
INSERTION
Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line

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17
Q

Popliteus nerve supply?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

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18
Q

Popliteus action?

A

Flexes knee and medially rotates tibia

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19
Q

Tibialis posterior origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Upper part posterior surface of tibia (below soleal line), posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane.
INSERTION
Tubercle of navicular and meidal cuneiform with expansions to all tarsal bones except talus.

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20
Q

Tibialis posterior nerve supply?

A

Tibial nerve L4,5

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21
Q

Tibialis posterior action?

A

Inverts and planterflexes foot – pulls superomedially.

It’s attachments to both tibia and fibula mean contraction tends to bring these bones closer together.

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22
Q

Tibialis posterior function?

A

-Helps maintain balance of tibia on foot, esp. when body weight is tending to move laterally.
-Controls forefoot in walking + running.
-Its tendinous expansions help maintain arches of foot.

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23
Q

Flexor hallucis longus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Lower two-thirds of the posterior surface of fibula and adjacent fascia.
INSERTION
Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx

24
Q

Flexor hallucis longus nerve supply?

A

Tibial nerve S1,2

25
Q

Flexor hallucis longus action?

A

Plantarflexes big toe and then ankle.

Acts on interphalangeal joint then metatarsophalangeal joint.

26
Q

Flexor hallucis longus function?

A

Produces much of final thrust from the foot during walking as the flexion of the great toe is final act before foot lifted from ground.

Also has role in maintaining medial longitudinal arch.

27
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Medial part posterior surface of tibia below soleal line.
INSERTION
Tendon passes behind medial malleolus and divides into four to insert into plantar surface of the base of distal phalanx (lateral four toes.)

28
Q

Flexor digitorum longus nerve supply?

A

Tibial nerve L5,S1,2

29
Q

Flexor digitorum longus action?

A

Plantarflexes lateral four toes.
Its extension behind the medial malleolus means that it also aids to planterflex the foot @ ankle joint.

30
Q

Flexor digitorum longus function?

A

-Standing – toes grip ground to improve balance.

-Running, jumping. Walking – pulls toes firmly downwards toward ground to get max. grip and thrust during toe-off phase.

31
Q

Tibialis anterior origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Upper two-thirds of lateral surface of tibia and adjoining part of interosseous membrane.
INSERTION
Medial side of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal

32
Q

Tibialis anterior nerve supply?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve L4,5

33
Q

Tibialis anterior action?

A

Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint.
Working with tibialis posterior, it acts to invert foot in which the sole is turned to face medially.

34
Q

Tibialis anterior function?

A

Helps with swing through phase of walking.

Controls placement of foot on ground after initial contact by the heel.

Put under stress in extended activities, especially over rough terrain.

35
Q

Extensor hallucis longus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Middle half of the anterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane.
INSERTION
Base of the distal phalanx on it’s dorsal surface.

36
Q

Extensor hallucis longus nerve supply?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve L5 and S1.

37
Q

Extensor hallucis longus action?

A

Extends all the joints of the great toe but mainly the metatarsaophalangeal joint.

Powerful dorsiflexor of foot at ankle joint.

38
Q

Extensor hallucis longus function?

A

Extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot allows clearance of surface.

39
Q

Extensor digitorum longus nerve supply?

A

Deep peroneal nerve L5,S1

40
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Upper two-thirds anterior surface fibula, interosseous membrane and lateral tibial condyle.
INSERTION
Forms extensor hood (dorsal digital expansion) which attaches to the distal and middle pharlanx of the lateral four toeson their dorsal surface.

41
Q

Extensor digitorum longus action?

A

Extension of lateral four toes at metatarsophalangeal joints.

Also assists in extension in interphalangeal joints. (unable to perform unaided as lumbricals do this).

42
Q

Extensor digitorum longus function?

A

Walking/running – pulls toes upwards after they have been flexed before toe-off keeping them clear of ground until heel and foot make contact again.

43
Q

Peroneus longus origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Small area on lateral condyle of tibia and upper two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula as well as lateral side of head of fibula
INSERTION
Planter and lateral surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal.

44
Q

Peroneus longus nerve supply?

A

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve L5,S1

45
Q

Peroneus longus action?

A

Evertor of the foot as it arises from the lateral side of the leg. Plantarflexion.

46
Q

Peroneus longus function?

A

In standing ,peroneus longus helps to maintain erect position controlling mediolateral sway by pressing medial side of foot on ground.

Function better seen when standing on one leg.

Vital in running.

47
Q

Peroneus brevis origin and insertion?

A

ORIGIN
Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula.
INSERTION
Tubercle on lateral base of 5th metatarsal.

48
Q

Peroneus brevis nerve supply?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve L5,S1

49
Q

Peroneus brevis action?

A

Evertor of foot. Because of its course and attachments, produces plantarflexion at the same time.

50
Q

Peroneus brevis function?

A

Prevents mediolateral sway when standing.

Prevents body from falling to opp. Side when on one leg.

Prevents over inversion.

51
Q

What muscles are on the dorsal layer of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

52
Q

What muscles are in the plantar aspect of the foot (1st layer)?

A
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
53
Q

What muscles are in the plantar aspect of the foot (2nd layer)?

A
  • Lumbricals
  • Flexor accessorius (Quadratus plantae)
54
Q

What muscles are in the plantar aspect of the foot (3rd layer)?

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Adductor hallucis
55
Q

What muscles are in the plantar aspect of the foot (4th layer)?

A
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Plantar Interossei
56
Q
A

141 - MSK (lower limb) (8 decks)

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