Practical exam - knee Flashcards
What is normal active range of movement for knee flexion?
0-130 degrees
What is the normal active range of movement for knee extension?
0 degrees however a small amount of hyperextension may be present
What are the limiting factors of knee flexion?
Tension in the quadriceps
Contact of calf with posterior thigh
What are the limiting factors of knee extension?
Ligaments : MCL, LCL, PCL, ACL, posterior capsular ligaments (such as oblique popliteal ligament).
Locking mechanism of the knee
What would a positive test for a Valgus stress test involve (medial collateral ligament)?
A positive test includes the presence of excessive valgus movement of joint line gapping compared to the unaffected side.
Pain may be present in an acute/incomplete ligament tear.
What would a positive test for a Varus stress test involve (lateral collateral ligament)?
Presence of excessive varus movement of joint line gapping compared to the unaffected side.
Pain may be present in an actue/incomplete ligament tear.
Lachmann’s ACL test positive result?
Includes the presence of excessive anterior translation of the tibia on the femur compared to the unaffected side.
Pain may also be present in an acute/incomplete tear.
Excessive anterior displacement is suggestive of an ACL injury.
Symptoms may be associated with a history of acute injury, intra-articular swelling and loss of knee stability.
Posterior draw test (PCL) positive result?
A positive test includes the presence of excessive posterior translation of the tibia on the femur compared to the unaffected side.
Pain may also be present in an acute/incomplete tear.
Excessive anterior displacement is suggestive of a PCL injury.
Symptoms may be associated with a history of acute injury, intra-articular swelling and loss of knee
stability.
What does a positive McMurray’s test involve?
Indicated by the presence of clicking heard or flet over the joint line.
Pain or apprehension may also be present
What does the rectus femoris do?
Hip flexion and knee extension
What is the function of the quadriceps femoris?
Raising the body - particularly when moving against gravity) - such as in actions of sitting to standing, climbing stairs or jumping.
Eccentrically these muscles control the descent of the body such as from standing to sitting and descending stairs.
What are the actions of hamstrings?
Hip extension and knee flexion (all 3 muscles)
What other action are semimenbranosus and semitendinosus responsible for?
Medial tibial rotation
What other action is biceps femoris responsible for?
lateral tibial rotation
What is the function of the hamstrings?
Important functional action in gait where they extend the hip in stance phase and decelerate the tibia at the end of the swing phase.
Hamstrings are active in rapid deceleration activities such as stopping from a sprint.
This is a common occasion for their injury due to the huge forces which occur in the muscle + eccentric nature of contraction in this moment.
