Practical exam - ankle and foot Flashcards
What are the components of the medial collateral ligament (deltoid)?
Anterior tibiotalar part
Tibionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Posterior tibiotalar part
What are the components of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
Anterior talofibular
What is the interosseous ligament also known as?
Anterior talocalcaneal ligament
What does the bifurcate ligament involve?
Calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular
What is the spring ligament also known as?
Plantar calcaneonavicular
What is the classification of the ankle joint?
Synovial, compound, Uniaxial, Hinge
What is the classification of the (midtarsal) talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Synovial, compound, ball and socket, multi-axial
What is the classification of the (midtarsal) calcaneocuboid joint?
Synovial, simple, multi-axial, plane
What is the classification of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint?
Simple, synovial, biaxial, condyloid
What is the classification of the 1st interphalangeal joint?
Synovial, simple, uniaxial, hinge
What do the movements of the ankle involve?
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Eversion
What do movements of the foot involve?
MTPJ flexion and extension
IPJ flexion and extension
What is the normal ROM for dorsiflexion?
0-25 degrees
What is the normal ROM for plantarflexion?
0-55 degrees
What is the normal ROM for inversion?
0-35 degrees
What is the normal ROM for eversion?
0-25 degrees
What is the normal ROM for MTPJ flexion?
0-30 degrees
What is the normal ROM for MTPJ extension?
0-80 degrees
What is the normal ROM for IPJ flexion?
0-50 degrees
What is the normal ROM for IPJ extension?
0 degrees
What muscles plantarflex the ankle?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
- fibularis (peroneus) longus
- fibularis (peroneus) brevis
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
What muscles dorsiflex the ankle?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Muscles inverting the foot?
- tibialis anterior
- tibialis posterior
Muscles everting the foot?
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
- peroneus tertius
Muscles extending the toes at the MTPJ + IPJ?
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Lumbricals
Muscles flexing the toes at the MTPJ + IPJ?
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor accessories (quadratus plantae)
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Plantar interossei
What are the limiting factors to ankle dorsiflexion?
Ligaments: posterior tibiotalar ligament, posterior talofibular ligament.
Tension in plantarflexors - gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus etc.
Extent or articular surfaces
What are the limiting factors to ankle plantarflexion?
Ligaments: Anterior tibiotalar ligament, anterior talofibular ligament.
Tension in dorsiflexors - Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius.
What are the limiting factors to ankle inversion?
Ligaments: Dorsal talonavicular, bifurcate
Extent of articular surfaces
Tension in evertors - peroneus longus, brevis, tertius
What are the limiting factors to ankle eversion?
Ligaments: Plantar calcaneocuboid, bifurcate
Extent of articular surfaces
Tension in evertors - tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior
What are the limiting factors to MTPJ flexion?
Tension in the digital extensor tendons
Collateral ligaments
What are the limiting factors to MTPJ extension?
Tension in the digital flexor tendons
Tension in the plantar fascia
What are the limiting factors to IPJ flexion?
Tension in digital extensor tendons
Collateral ligaments
What are the limiting factors to IPJ extension?
Tension in the digital flexor tendons
What is the classification of the subtalar joint? (talus and calcaneus)
synovial, simple, plane, multi axial
