Week 8 - Motivation

Question 1

Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 1

Abraham Maslow argues that people are motivated to behave in ways that will satisfy their needs. From the bottom up. Physiological needs, safety needs, Love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. Must complete physiological needs before moving up to the next need.

Question 2

What is Theory X?

Answer 2

All people are inherently lazy, and therefore need a “stick and carrot” approach in order to increase motivation. Workers lack ambition, avoid responsibility and prefer to be led. Employees are only interested in their needs and not of the organization. People are resistant to change.

Question 3

What is Theory Y?

Answer 3

Assumes that people are inherently motivated to learn and grow, and therefore the managers job is to provide developmental opportunities for workers.

Question 4

What is motivation-hygiene theory?

Answer 4

the factors that produce job satisfaction or motivation are different from the factors that lead to dissatisfaction.

Question 5

What is goal setting theory?

Answer 5

Locke states behavior is purposeful or goal directed, goal setting and the existence of goals can motivate behavior. Individuals who were assigned difficult goals performed better than those who were assigned easy goals.

Question 6

What is public service motivation?

Answer 6

Public service motivation is the individual’s predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions and organizations. They can fall into 3 categories: rational, norm based, and affective.

Question 7

What are rational motives?

Answer 7

• Has to do with individual utility maximization
• Some ppl seek public service as a means of satisfying their own needs
• These needs might be based on personal identification w/ a program, a desire to advocate for a special interest, or a desire to participate in policy making b/c of the excitement or the image of self-importance that it may reinforce.
• An individual’s belief that their interest coincide w/ those of th e larger community (POSc 526)

Question 8

What are norm-based motives?

Answer 8

• Motives centered on the desire to serve the public and the public interest
• Related to factors such as loyalty, duty, citizenship, and values like social equity
• Describe a desire to serve the public interest, a duty and loyalty to the government, and a concern for social equity (POSC 526)

Question 9

What are affective motives?

Answer 9

Grounded in people’s feelings, ideals, and emotions regarding the objectives of a program and notion of serving society. (i.e. PSM may arise from individual’s personal commitment to the importance of a particular policy)
- willingness or desire to help others (POSC 526)