Week 8 (ML) - Types of Feedback

Question 1

What are the 2 main branches of feedback?

Answer 1

Augmented Feedback (external)
- Information about the skill performance that is external to the performer

Task-intrinsic feedback
- Sensory feedback naturally available during the skill

Question 2

What are the primary types of augmented feedback?

Answer 2

1. Knowledge of results
   - Externally presented information about the outcome attempt to perform a skill
   - e.g. how far did a person jump in long jump
2. Knowledge of performance
   - Information about the performance characteristics
   - e.g. projection angle at point of take off in long jump
   - Can be subdivided into:
   i) Descriptive - describing what you saw
   ii) Prescriptive - giving understanding or cue to change for next trial/attempt

Question 3

Which form of feedback is generally considered more appropriate for beginners?

Answer 3

Prescriptive Knowledge of Performance

Question 4

Which form(s) of feedback are skilled performers capable of effectively using?

Answer 4

Prescriptive and/or descriptive Knowledge of Performance

Question 5

When is knowledge of results useful/occurs for motor skill learning?

Answer 5

1. For self confidence
2. if task-intrinsic feedback is unavailable
3. Motivation of the learner
4. Encourages discovery learning –> deeper learning
5. Encourage external attentional focus

Question 6

What is the guidance hypothesis?

Answer 6

Augmented feedback guides the learner toward successful completion of the task while creating a dependency in certain situations at the same time

In summary, the Guidance Hypothesis suggests that feedback should be used to support learning initially, but gradually reduced to help learners become more self-reliant and improve their long-term performance retention

Question 7

What are the 2 main roles of augmented feedback?

Answer 7

1.To facilitate achievement of the goal of the skill
2.To motivate the learner to continue striving

Question 8

When is verbal instruction helpful VS hinderance?

Answer 8

Helpful
- Consistent
- Minimal
- Focused
- Adjusts with skill learning proficiency

Hinderance
- Emphasis placed on the undesirable outcome (e.g. DONT MISS)
- Conflict with the above reasons for helpfulness

Question 8

What is the action effect hypothesis Prinz (1997)?

Answer 8

Actions are best planned & controlled by their intended effects

What does that mean for us?
Trainers should get learners to direct their attention to the intended outcome of the action rather than on the movements components themselves

Question 9

What stage of learning would guidance be helpful?

Answer 9

Guidance may be useful in the early stages of learning while the learner is getting the idea of the skill or where there is an element of danger or fear.