Week 10 (ML) - Organismic Differences in levels & rate of motor learning

Question 1

What are the main categories of individual differences?

Answer 1

1. Inter-Individual Differences (Between Learners):
These are differences between individuals, where each learner has unique physical, cognitive, and psychological traits that influence their learning process.

2. Intra-Individual Differences (Within Learners):
These are differences within a single individual over time or across different situations. This category captures how a learner’s performance may vary due to factors like fatigue, stress, mood, or situational demands.

Question 2

Difference between divergent and converging learning trajectories

These are for inter-individual differences

Answer 2

Divergent
- individuals become more different when exposed to the same environment
- Attributable to inherited characteristics

Converging
- Individual become more similar when exposed to same environment
- Attributable to previously acquired learning

Question 3

What are the 6 types of individual differences?

Answer 3

1. Physiology
2. Morphology
3. Aptitudes (abilities are a subcategory)
4. Needs
5. Temperament (personality)
6. Attitudes

PMANTA - People May All Need Their Approach

Question 4

What is the 3 phase model of individual differences?

Answer 4

1. General intelligence (g) - A novel situation requires reasoning capabilities
2. Scanning, pattern recognition and memory (e.g., chaining of response patterns)
3. Processing speed is free of evaluation of information (e.g., dual tasking) –> becomes quicker as autonomy is reached

Question 5

What 2 factors strengthen OR reduce the relationship between abilities and performance?

Answer 5

1. Task complexity
2. Consistency of information processing demands

Question 6

Difference between ability and non ability factors?

Answer 6

Ability:
Refers to relatively stable skills or capacities that a person has, which influence their potential in various tasks.
There are two types of abilities:

Domain-General Abilities:
These are broad abilities that can be applied across multiple areas or fields. For example, working memory capacity is useful in many situations, from problem-solving in math to following instructions in a recipe.

Domain-Specific Abilities:
These are specialized abilities with a narrow focus, relevant only in particular areas. For example, musical aptitude is highly useful for tasks related to music (like playing an instrument) but doesn’t necessarily transfer to non-musical areas.

Non-Ability Factors:
These are dispositional attributes that impact a person’s behavior and learning but are not directly related to their skills or capacities

Question 7

What is the Aptitude-treatment model?