Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY2110: Social Psychology > Week 8: Group Processes > Flashcards

Week 8: Group Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is a group? What 2 parts are there?

A
  • collection of 3 or more people
    1. interact
    2. interdependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is it called when there are 2 people in a group?

A

dyad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 reasons we join groups?

A
  1. forming relationships is INNATE
  2. defines who we are as individuals
  3. motivates people to become involved in social change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are social norms?

A

specify how group members should behave and what is sen as acceptable

  • some all are expected to obey (ex: traffic rules)
  • some vary based on group(ex: dress code)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are social roles?

A

shared expectations by group members on how particular people in the group are supposed to behave
ex: boss vs employee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Getting too caught up in a role can result in a loss of identity and personality change.
true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is group cohesiveness?

A
  • the qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking among them.
  • how similar the group members are to each other, makes the group members like each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is group diversity?

A
  • of how diverse a group’s composition is
  • age, sex, beliefs, and opinions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the more diverse groups that tend to make better decisions. true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the presence of others decreases physiological arousal. true or false

A

false –> INCREASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is social facilitation? When does it occur?

A
  • the tendency for people to do BETTER on SIMPLE tasks but WORSE on COMPLEX tasks

-when in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 theories to explain the role of arousal in social facilitation?

A
  1. other people cause us to become alert and vigilant
  2. they make us apprehensive about how we’re being evaluated –> embarassed if we do bad or happy if we do well especially when we are getting evaluated
  3. they distract us from the task at hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is social loafing? When does it occur?

A
  • the tendency for people to do WORSE on SIMPLE tasks but BETTER on COMPLEX tasks
  • when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance CANNOT be evaluated.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Being relaxed improves performance on complex tasks and impairs performance on simple tasks. true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people are in a group, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant acts.

ex: say you use a fake account on insta to make nasty comments more than if you were on an account that had your name in it. this is deindividuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 reasons for deindividuation in groups?

A
  1. Being in a group and wearing a uniform or disguise increases anonymity (less accountable, harder to single out)
  2. The presence of others lowers self-awareness (shifts people away from their moral standards)
  3. increases the extent to which people obey the group norms whether they are good or bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is one major function of a group?

A

making decisions

18
Q

What is process loss?

A

any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving

19
Q

What is groupthink?

A
  • kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner.
  • Causes people to reach an inferior decision, sometimes with disastrous consequences.
19
Q

How can we overcome process loss?

A

people learn who is responsible for what kinds of information and take the time to discuss these unshared data

20
Q

What are 4 things the make groupthink less likely?

A
  1. remaining impartial
  2. seeking outside opinions
  3. creating subgroups
  4. seeking anonymous opinions
21
Q

What is group polarization?

A

tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members

22
Q

What are the 2 reasons for group polarization to occur?

A
  1. persuasive arguments explanation
  2. social comparison interpretation
23
Q

What is “persuasive arguments explanation”?

A
  • The result is that group members end up with a greater number of arguments in support of their position than they initially started out with, and ultimately a more extreme attitude
24
Q

What is social comparison interpretation?

A
  • When people discuss an issue in a group, they first check how everyone else feels.
  • To be liked, many people then take a position that is similar to everyone else’s but a little more extreme
  • In this way, the individual supports the group’s values and also presents himself or herself in a positive light
25
Q

What theory answers “what makes a great leader”?

A

great person theory

26
Q

What is great person theory?

A

The theory that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation the leader faces

27
Q

People of all different personality types can become successful leaders.
true or false

A

true

28
Q

What are 2 types of leaders?

A
  1. transactional
  2. transformational
29
Q

What is transactional leader?

A
  • set clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them
  • ex: day to day operations = weekly sale targets and if you meet it, you get a reward
30
Q

What is a transformational leader?

A

inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals

ex: think about the big picture = becoming a market leader

31
Q

What is the “contingency theory of leadership”?

A
  • focus on the characteristics of the leader, the followers, and the situation
  • Leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is, and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group
32
Q

What is the difference between a “task-oriented leader” and a “relationship-oriented leader”?

A

task
- Concerned with getting the job done than with workers’ feelings and relationships.
- Best in high control situations or low control situations

relationship
- Concerned with workers’ feelings and relationships.
- Best in moderate control situations

33
Q

The opportunity for interpersonal conflict exists whenever two or more people interact.
true or false

A

true

34
Q

What is a social dilemma?

A

conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual, if chosen by most people, will have harmful effects on everyone.

35
Q

What is the most common way of studying social dilemmas?

A
  • doing the lab game called a prisoner’s dilemma
36
Q

What is a prisoner’s dilemma?

A
  • A game in which two players must each choose one of two options, pitting individual gain against group gain.
  • The outcome for each player depends on their combined choices
37
Q

When will participants be more cooperative in the prisoner’s dilemma? (x3)

A
  1. playing against a friend
  2. expecting to interact with their partner in the future
  3. playing in small groups rather than large
38
Q

What is negotiation?

A
  • a form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict, in which offers and counteroffers are made
  • a solution occurs only when both parties agree.
39
Q

What is integrative solution?

A
  • A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests.
  • Each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side.
40
Q

Can mediators can play a key role in helping each side recognize that there are mutually agreeable solutions to a conflict?

A

yes

41
Q
A

PSY2110: Social Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions