Week 8 - Goal Setting and Concentration

Question 1

What is a goal

Answer 1

the object of a person’s ambition or effort; an aim or desired result.

Question 2

What are subjective goals

Answer 2

are general statements of intent e.g having fun or doing your best

Question 3

What are objective goals

Answer 3

attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually in a specified time (more common in sport & exercise)

Question 4

What are outcome goals

Answer 4

focus is on a competitive result of an event (e.g winning)

Question 5

What are performance goals

Answer 5

focus is on achieving standards of performance or objectives independently of other competitors (comparing own previous performance)

Question 6

What are process goals

Answer 6

focus is on the actions an individual must engage in during performance to execute/perform well

Question 7

What are the principles of goal setting

Answer 7

set; specific, moderately difficult but realistic, LT and ST, performance, process and outcome goals, practice and competition goals

Question 8

What are the principles of goal setting (continued)

Answer 8

record goals and develop goal achievement strategies, consider participants’ personalities and motivations, foster an individuals goal commitment, provide goal support, provide evaluation and feedback

Question 9

What is goal evaluation

Answer 9

refers to the refinement of a goal to assess whether the goal was delivered in a satisfactory manner and if it was effective.

Question 10

What does SMARTS stand for

Answer 10

Specific, Measurable, Action oriented, Realistic, Timely and Self-determined

Question 11

What are the stages of designing a goal-setting system

Answer 11

preparation and planning, education and acquisition and implementation and follow up

Question 12

What is concentration

Answer 12

refers to a person’s ability to exert deliberate mental effort (attention) on what is most important in a given situation.

Question 13

What are the 4 components of concentration

Answer 13

1) focusing on relevant environmental cues (selective attention), 2) maintaining attentional focus
3) situation awareness
4) shifting attentional focus when necessary.

Question 14

What are the information processing based theories and models of attention.

Answer 14

single channel theory, variable allocation theory and a multiple resource pool.

Question 15

Single-channel theory

Answer 15

information is processed through a single and fixed capacity channel

Question 16

variable allocation theory

Answer 16

is flexible - individuals can choose where they would like to focus their attention.

Question 17

multiple resource pool

Answer 17

attention is distributed throughout the nervous system (like microprocessors) each one has its own unique capabilities and resource-performance relationship

Question 18

attentional selectivity

Answer 18

some information goes into the processing system while other information is screened/ignored

Question 19

attentional capacity

Answer 19

attention is limited in the amount of information that can be processed at one time

Question 20

controlled processing

Answer 20

mental processing that involves conscious attention and awareness.

Question 21

automatic processing

Answer 21

mental processing w/o conscious attention

Question 22

attentional alertness

Answer 22

the degree of attention that we can apply to a task - increases in emotional arousal (narrows attentional field)

Question 23

what is choking

Answer 23

is an attentional process that leads to impaired performance and the inability to retain control over performance.

Question 24

What is self talk

Answer 24

any statement/thought about yourself - increased motivation/memory

Question 25

The 6 rules for creating effective self talk

Answer 25

have concise phrases, use first person and present tense, construct positive phrases, say phrases with meaning and attention, be empathetic and compassionate about yourself and repeat phrases often

Question 26

How to improve concentration on site

Answer 26

use simulations and cue works, employ nonjudgemental thinking, establish routines, develop competition plans, over learn skills

Question 27

5 step approach to developing pre-performance routines

Answer 27

1) videotaping
2) clarifying behaviour meaning
3) developing focus and function for each behavioural component
4) routine construction and agreement
5) practice-integration