Week 8: Extinction and Stimulus Control Flashcards
Extinction
The nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, resulting in a decrease in strength of that response.
Side effects of Extinction
Extinction burst, increase in variability, emotional behaviour, aggression, resurgence, depression.
Extinction Burst
A temporary increase in frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented.
Resurgence
The reappearance during extinction of other behaviours that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement.
Resistance to Extinction
The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented.
What factors influence resistance to extinction?
Schedule of reinforcement, history of reinforcement, the magnitude of reinforcement, degree of deprivation, previous experience with extinction.
Partial Reinforcement Effect
Behaviour that has been maintained on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement will extinguish more slowly than when maintained on a continuous schedule. VR is the slowest to extinguish.
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviour
The reinforcement of any behaviour other than the target behaviour being extinguished. Effective, and will reduce or eliminate potential side effects.
Functional Communication Training
Behaviour of clearly and appropriately communicating one’s desire is differentially reinforced.
Stimulus Control
The presence of the discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behaviour.
Stimulus Generalization
The tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to a SD.
Generalization Gradient
Depicts the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD, and vary along a continuum.
Stimulus Discrimination
The tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another.
Discrimination Training
Involves reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (SD), and not another stimulus (Discriminative stimulus for extinction).
The Peak Shift Effect
The peak of a generalization gradient following discrimination training will shift from SD to a stimulus that is further removed from the SE.
Multiple Schedules
Two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement, and each having a distinctive discriminant stimulus.
Behavioural Contrast
Occurs when a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component.
Negative Contrast
Increase in rate of reinforcement of one component, results in the decrease in rate of response for another component.
Positive Contrast
A decrease in rate of reinforcement of one component results in the increase in rate of response for another component.
Anticipatory Contrast
The rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming change in the rate of reinforcement.
Errorless Discrimination Training
A gradual training procedure that minimizes the number of errors and reduces the many adverse effects associated with discrimination training.
Introduce SE soon after learning SD, introduce SE weakly and gradually increase strength.
Poor for wanting to modify at a later time.
Fading
Gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus.
Targeting
Training an animal to approach and touch a particular object.
