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Anatomy 3 > Week 8 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Week 8 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the ___________ nervous system.

A

peripheral

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2
Q

Autonomic nervous system represents _____________ pathway to the internal organs and tissues ___________ CNS.

A

efferent

from

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system is subdivided on ______ and ______ divisions

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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4
Q

Each division of the ANS has how many neurons in its pathway to the effector organ?

A

2

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5
Q

The targets of ANS are ________

A

smooth muscle,
glands,
cardiac muscle

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6
Q

The sympathetic division of ANS is in control of the following reactions __________

A

Emergency situations:
pupil dilation/adjusment (long vision), bronchiole dilation, decreased peristalsis & GI secretions, sticky saliva & respiratory mucus, constriction of internal sphincters, constriction of blood vessels, increased HT rate & breathing rate, ejaculation, stimulate sweat glands, erector pili muscles

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7
Q

The parasympathetic divsion of ANS is in control of the following activities ___________

A 
Returning to homeostasis:
constrict pupil (near vision), salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, peristalsis & GI secretions, inhibit breathing/HT rate, constricts bronchioles, erection
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8
Q

Ultimately and in summary, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are responsible for ____________ and are controlled in turn by the part of the diencephalon, which is: ______________.

A

Maintenance of homeostasis

hypothalamus

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9
Q

Sympathetic division of the ANS originates from the first preganglionic neurons, located within ____________ and, therefore, SNS has an alternative name as _________.

A

lateral horns of spinal cord segments T1-L3

thoraco lumbar

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10
Q

The second neurons of the sympathetic nervous division (system) are located within sympathetic ganglia chains. They are: (state the names and topographic location of each) ________

A

para-vertebral - both sides of vertebral column

pre-vertebral - in front of vertebral column, along thoracic & abdominal aorta

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11
Q

The first neurotransmitter of the SNS is ____________, and the second neurotransmitter is ______________, which will act on one of four types of the receptors on target/ effector organs. Depending on the receptor configuration (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2) and location, it will elicit a particular action.

A

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

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12
Q

The parasympathetic division of ANS (PNS) originates by preganglionic neurons, located within the cranial nerves__________ and spinal cord lateral segments _________. Therefore, the parasympathetic nervous system (as division of ANS) is alternatively addressed as: ____________.

A

III, VII, IX, X
S2-S4
cranio-sacral

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13
Q

The first neurotransmitter of PNS is ________________, and the second neurotransmitter is _________________ as well.

A

acetylcholine

acetylcholine

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14
Q

The ganglia of the parasympathetic system pathway are located (unlike in sympathetic division) __________

A

very close to or within effector organs

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15
Q

In both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to the effector organs and tissues, the first preganglionic part is __________, and the second post-ganglionic part is __________________ .

A

myelinated

unmyelinated

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16
Q

With regards to Heart rate and force of cardiac contraction, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

increased rate & force of contraction

inhibited HT rate and force of contraction

17
Q

With regards to respiration, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

increased breathing rate

inhibited breathing rate

18
Q

With regards to lung bronchioles and mucus secretions, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

dilation of bronchioles, decreased mucus secretion

constriction of bronchioles, increased mucus secretion

19
Q

With regards to salivation & lacrimation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

produce less but sticky saliva, no effect on lacrimation

activate salivation, lacrimation

20
Q

With regards to intrinsic eye muscle (iris), Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

contraction of radial iris muscle

contraction of circular iris muscle

21
Q

With regards to blood supply and peristalsis of GI tract, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

decrease blood supply & peristalsis

increase blood supply & activate peristalsis

22
Q

With regards to urination and defecation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

constrict internal sphincters

relax internal sphincters

23
Q

With regards to erection, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

no effect

erection

24
Q

With regards to ejaculation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________

A

ejaculation

no effect

25
Q

The signal pathway of the ANS includes which structures?

A

Hypothalamus
lateral gray horn
ganglion
effector organ

26
Q

Alpha-1 receptors are responsible for ________

A

constriction of arterioles
contraction of bladder, uterus
secretion of saliva

27
Q

Alpha-2 receptors are responsible for __________

A

release of insulin and histamine

28
Q

Beta-1 receptors are responsible for _________

A

increase of heart rate

29
Q

Beta-2 receptors are responsible for _________

A

dilation of bronchioles

30
Q

The superior (aka ________) sympathetic ganglia is located ______ and can be injured to due to trauma or ________

A

cervical
near level of C1
lung cancer metastasis

31
Q

Injury of the cervical sympathetic ganglia can result in what ANS disorder? What are the signs/symptoms?

A

Horner’s syndrome

Ptosis, Miosis, Unhydrosis

32
Q

Raynaud Phenomenon is ________

A

an excess of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the arterioles and capillaries of the extremities which results in extreme vasoconstriction, especially when a person is cold or stressed

33
Q

Raynaud Phenomenon can lead to ______

A

severe O2 deprivation and inflammation, following tissue death

Anatomy 3 (12 decks)

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