Week 8 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the ___________ nervous system.
peripheral
Autonomic nervous system represents _____________ pathway to the internal organs and tissues ___________ CNS.
efferent
from
Autonomic nervous system is subdivided on ______ and ______ divisions
sympathetic
parasympathetic
Each division of the ANS has how many neurons in its pathway to the effector organ?
2
The targets of ANS are ________
smooth muscle,
glands,
cardiac muscle
The sympathetic division of ANS is in control of the following reactions __________
Emergency situations:
pupil dilation/adjusment (long vision), bronchiole dilation, decreased peristalsis & GI secretions, sticky saliva & respiratory mucus, constriction of internal sphincters, constriction of blood vessels, increased HT rate & breathing rate, ejaculation, stimulate sweat glands, erector pili muscles
The parasympathetic divsion of ANS is in control of the following activities ___________
Returning to homeostasis: constrict pupil (near vision), salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, peristalsis & GI secretions, inhibit breathing/HT rate, constricts bronchioles, erection
Ultimately and in summary, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are responsible for ____________ and are controlled in turn by the part of the diencephalon, which is: ______________.
Maintenance of homeostasis
hypothalamus
Sympathetic division of the ANS originates from the first preganglionic neurons, located within ____________ and, therefore, SNS has an alternative name as _________.
lateral horns of spinal cord segments T1-L3
thoraco lumbar
The second neurons of the sympathetic nervous division (system) are located within sympathetic ganglia chains. They are: (state the names and topographic location of each) ________
para-vertebral - both sides of vertebral column
pre-vertebral - in front of vertebral column, along thoracic & abdominal aorta
The first neurotransmitter of the SNS is ____________, and the second neurotransmitter is ______________, which will act on one of four types of the receptors on target/ effector organs. Depending on the receptor configuration (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2) and location, it will elicit a particular action.
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
The parasympathetic division of ANS (PNS) originates by preganglionic neurons, located within the cranial nerves__________ and spinal cord lateral segments _________. Therefore, the parasympathetic nervous system (as division of ANS) is alternatively addressed as: ____________.
III, VII, IX, X
S2-S4
cranio-sacral
The first neurotransmitter of PNS is ________________, and the second neurotransmitter is _________________ as well.
acetylcholine
acetylcholine
The ganglia of the parasympathetic system pathway are located (unlike in sympathetic division) __________
very close to or within effector organs
In both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to the effector organs and tissues, the first preganglionic part is __________, and the second post-ganglionic part is __________________ .
myelinated
unmyelinated
With regards to Heart rate and force of cardiac contraction, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
increased rate & force of contraction
inhibited HT rate and force of contraction
With regards to respiration, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
increased breathing rate
inhibited breathing rate
With regards to lung bronchioles and mucus secretions, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
dilation of bronchioles, decreased mucus secretion
constriction of bronchioles, increased mucus secretion
With regards to salivation & lacrimation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
produce less but sticky saliva, no effect on lacrimation
activate salivation, lacrimation
With regards to intrinsic eye muscle (iris), Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
contraction of radial iris muscle
contraction of circular iris muscle
With regards to blood supply and peristalsis of GI tract, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
decrease blood supply & peristalsis
increase blood supply & activate peristalsis
With regards to urination and defecation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
constrict internal sphincters
relax internal sphincters
With regards to erection, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
no effect
erection
With regards to ejaculation, Sympathetic stimulation will produce ________ while parasympathetic stimulation will produce ________
ejaculation
no effect
The signal pathway of the ANS includes which structures?
Hypothalamus
lateral gray horn
ganglion
effector organ
Alpha-1 receptors are responsible for ________
constriction of arterioles
contraction of bladder, uterus
secretion of saliva
Alpha-2 receptors are responsible for __________
release of insulin and histamine
Beta-1 receptors are responsible for _________
increase of heart rate
Beta-2 receptors are responsible for _________
dilation of bronchioles
The superior (aka ________) sympathetic ganglia is located ______ and can be injured to due to trauma or ________
cervical
near level of C1
lung cancer metastasis
Injury of the cervical sympathetic ganglia can result in what ANS disorder? What are the signs/symptoms?
Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis, Miosis, Unhydrosis
Raynaud Phenomenon is ________
an excess of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the arterioles and capillaries of the extremities which results in extreme vasoconstriction, especially when a person is cold or stressed
Raynaud Phenomenon can lead to ______
severe O2 deprivation and inflammation, following tissue death
