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Anatomy 3 > Week 2 - Cerebrum, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System > Flashcards

Week 2 - Cerebrum, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Gyri are ________

They are also known as _______

A

folds of the cerebral cortex

convolutions

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2
Q

The cerebral cortex is _________

A

a region of gray matter that forms the outer rim of the cerebrum

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3
Q

Fissures are _________

A

the deepest grooves between folds

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4
Q

Sulci are ________

A

shallower grooves between folds

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5
Q

The most prominent fissure __________ separates the cerebrum into right and left halves called _______. It is also known as the _______

A

longitudinal fissure
cerebral hemispheres
sagittal fissure

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6
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are connected internally by the _________

A

corpus callosum

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7
Q

The corpus callosum is _________

A

a broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

List the lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lob

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9
Q

The ________ separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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10
Q

List two major gyrii and their functions

A

precentral gyrus - primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

The __________ separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe

A

lateral cerebral sulcus (fissure)

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12
Q

The _________ separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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13
Q

The insula is located _________

A

within the lateral cerebral sulcus, deep to the parietal, frontal and temporal lobes

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14
Q

The _________ consists primarily of myelinated axons in three types of tracts. List the three tracts

A

cerebral white matter
association tracts
commissural tracts
projection tracts

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15
Q

Association tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses between _________

A

gyri in the same hemisphere

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16
Q

Commissural tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from _________

A

gyri in one cerebal hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere

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17
Q

Three important groups of commissural tracts are _____

A

corpus callosum
anterior commissure
posterior commissure

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18
Q

Projection tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from ___________

A

the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or vice versa

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19
Q

The internal capsule is a type of ________. It contains a thick band of _____ matter that contains both _________ axons

A

projection tract
white
ascending and descending

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20
Q

The brainstem consist of ________

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

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21
Q

The diencephalon consists of __________

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

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22
Q

The occipital lobe of the cerebrum interprets ________

A

visual stimuli

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23
Q

The cerebrum is known as the _______

A

seat of intelligence

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24
Q

What are the three nuclei of the basal ganglia?

A

globus pallidus
putamen
caudate nucleus

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25
Q

Major functions of the basal ganglia are ______

A

help initiate and terminate movements of the body
control of subconscious contractions of skeletal muscle
initiation/termination of some cognitive processes (attention, memory, planning, emotional behavior)

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26
Q

The major components of the limbic system are _____

A 
Hippocampus
anterior nucleus of thalamus
mammillary body in hypothalamus
dentate gyrus
amygdala
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27
Q

The limbic system plays a primary role in ______

A

interpreting and expressing emotions, olfaction, memory

28
Q

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located _______

A

directly posterior to the central sulcus of each cerebral hemisphere in the postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe

29
Q

The function of the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is _______

A

to receive all sensory impulses from the body except for special senses - touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, pain

30
Q

The primary auditory area of the cerbral cortex is located _____

A

in the superior part of the temporal lobe near the lateral cerebral sulcus

31
Q

The function of the primary auditory area is _____

A

to receive information for sound and auditory perception

32
Q

The primary gustatory area of the cerebral cortex is located _______

A

at the base of the postcentral gyrus superior to the lateral cerebral sulcus in the parietal cortex

33
Q

The function of the primary gustatory area is _______

A

to receive and interpret taste sensations

34
Q

The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is located ______

A

in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

35
Q

The function of the primary motor area is ______

A

to administer commands to skeletal muscle for conscious movement

36
Q

Rostrum refers to ____ while caudum refers to ______

A

beak

tail

37
Q

Describe hemispheric lateralization

A

each hemisphere specializes in performing certain unique functions
left hemisphere - reasoning, numerical & scientific skills, spoken & written language
right hemisphere - musical & artistic awareness, spatial and pattern perception, recognition of faces and emotional content of language, discrimination of different smells

38
Q

Which type of brain wave indicates emotional stress?

A

Theta waves

39
Q

Beta waves appear when ________

A

the nervous system is active - during periods of sensory input and mental activity

40
Q

When do Delta waves occur?

A

During deep sleep in adults

Awake infants

41
Q

When do Alpha waves disappear?

A

During sleep

42
Q

The premotor area of the cerebral cortex is located _____

A

anterior to the primary motor area

43
Q

The function of the premotor area of the cerebral cortex is _______

A

to refine impulses administered by the primary motor area, deals w/ learned motor activities of a complex sequential nature

44
Q

The frontal eye field area of the cerebral cortex is located ______

A

anterior to the premotor area

45
Q

The function of the frontal eye field area of the cerebral cortex is ______

A

coordinate movement of the eyes w/ movement of the body, control voluntary scanning movements of the eyes

46
Q

The auditory association area of the cerebral cortex is located _____

A

inferior and posterior to primary auditory area

47
Q

The function of the auditory association area of the cerebral cortex is ______

A

to interpret auditory impulses

48
Q

Broca’s speech area is located _______

A

in frontal lobe near lateral cerebral sulcus

49
Q

The function of Broca’s speech area is _____

A

motor area of speech

50
Q

Wernicke’s area is located _______

A

in left temporal and parietal lobes (broad region)

51
Q

The function of Wernicke’s area is ________

A

interpreting the meaning of speech

52
Q

What important functional part of the basal ganglia is situated within the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain?

A

substantia nigra

53
Q

What is the major functional significance of substantia nigra?

A

Helps control subconscious muscle activities

54
Q

An injury to Broca’s area results in what type of aphasia?

A

Broca’s/motor/non-fluent aphasia - patient knows what to say but cannot speak

55
Q

An injury to Wernicke’s area results in what type of aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s/perception/sensory/fluent aphasia - patient can speak but produces words w/o meaning

56
Q

Describe “Homonculus” in terms of what body parts are controlled by what part of the brain/cerebrum

A

Cerebral top - most medial - extremities from waste down
- more lateral - extremities from waste up
Lateral to cerebral top - hand and fingers
Most lateral - head and neck

57
Q

The three main parts of the brain stem from rostral to caudal directions are ____

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

58
Q

What structure divides the brainstem into anterior and posterior parts?

A

cerebral aqueduct

59
Q

The upper or most rostral brainstem part is the ______.

Anterior part of this structure is represented by two round columns, supporting the cerebrum called ______

A

midrain

cerebral peduncles

60
Q

What structures may one find within the transverse section of the midbrain?

A

reticular foramen
superior colliculi
inferior colliculi
substantia nigra

61
Q

The posterior part of the midbrain is comprised of what two bulges? What are their functions?

A

superior colliculi - reflex center of vision (eye tracking), adjustment of pupil size, lens shape, reflexes of head, eye, neck
inferior colliculi - relays auditory impulses, startle reflex

62
Q

What cranial nerves originate within the midbrain and what are their corresponding functions?

A 
CN III (Occulomotor) - controls all extra-cellular muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique
CN IV (Trochlear) - controls superior oblique eye muscle
63
Q

Putamen controls _____

A

Automatic movements of the body

64
Q

Caudate nucleus controls ______

A

Automatic eye movement adjustments

65
Q

Function of the globus pallidus is _____

A

To regulate muscle tone for specific body movements

Anatomy 3 (12 decks)

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