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Anatomy 3 > Week 11 - Special Senses > Flashcards

Week 11 - Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Olfaction begins in the __________

A

nasal conchae

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2
Q

The nose contains ______ million receptors for olfaction, contained within an area called the _________

A

10-100

olfactory epithelium

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3
Q

The olfactory epithelium consists of ________

A

olfactory receptors
supporting cells
basal cells

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4
Q

Olfactory receptors are the _______ neurons of the olfactory pathway

A

first order

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5
Q

The parts of the olfactory receptors that respond to inhaled chemicals are ______. Chemicals that stimulate olfaction are called ________

A

olfactory hairs

odorants

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6
Q

Supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium function to ________

A

provide physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation, detoxify chemicals that come in contact w/ olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

Basal cells of the olfactory epithelium are ____ cells and function to __________

A

stem

produce new olfactory receptors to replace old ones

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8
Q

Within the connective tisuse that supports the olfactory epithelium are _______ glands which produce _______

A

olfactory (Bowman’s)

mucus

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9
Q

Both supporting cells of the nasal epithelium and olfactory glands are innervated by branches of the _______ nerve

A

facial (CN VII)

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10
Q

Complete insensitivity to certain strong odors occurs about ________ after exposure

A

1 minute

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11
Q

Binding of an odorant molecule to an olfactory receptor protein activates a _______ and _______, resulting in the production of _______, which opens _________ and leads to depolarization.

A

G protein
adenylate cyclase
cAMP
sodium channels

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12
Q

A taste bud consists of three kinds of epithelial cell: _______

A

supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, basal cells

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13
Q

Taste buds are found in elevations on the tongue called _____

A

papillae

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14
Q

The cranial nerves containing axons of the first order gustatory neurons that innervate the taste buds are ______

A

CN VII, CN IX, CN X

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15
Q

The gustatory nucleus is located in the _________

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

Visible light as a wavelength range of _______

A

400-700nm

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17
Q

The space between the upper and lower eyelids that exposes the eyeball is the ________. Its angles are known as the ______ and

A

palpebral fissure
lateral commisure
medial commisure

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18
Q

In the medial commisure is a small, reddish elevation known as the _______ which contains __________

A

lacrimal caruncle
sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands

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19
Q

List components of lacrimal apparatus in sequential order of flow of tears

A 
lacrimal glands
execretory lacrimal ducts
lacrimal puncta
lacrimal canals
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
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20
Q

The lacrimal glands are supplied by ___________ fibers of the _______ nerve

A

parasympathetic

facial (CN VII)

21
Q

The ______ is a transparent coat that covers the colored iris

A

cornea

22
Q

The ______ is the “white” of the eye and is a layer of ______ made up of ______

A

sclera
dense connective tissue
collagen fibers & fibroblasts

23
Q

At the junction of the sclera and cornea is an opening known as the ______. ______ drains into this sinus.

A

scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Aqueous humor

24
Q

The middle layer of the eyeball is the ______ and is composed of _______

A

uvea/vascular tunic

choroid, ciliary body, iris

25
Q

The function of the choroid is _______

A

provide nutrients to posterior surface of retina

contain melanocytes which secrete melanin to absorb stray light

26
Q

A principal function of the iris is to ___________

A

regulate the amount of light intering the eyeball through the pupil

27
Q

The optic nerve exits the eyeball at the ______. It is also called the ______

A

optic disc

blind spot

28
Q

Bundled with the optic nerve are the ________ and __________

A

central retinal artery

central vein

29
Q

List the types of photoreceptors and what they sense

A

Rods - dim light/black & white vision

Cones - brighter light/color vision

30
Q

The _____ is in the exact center of the posterior portion of the retina.

A

macula lutea

31
Q

The ________ , a small depression in the center of the macula lutea, is the area of highest ________

A

fovea centralis

visual acuity

32
Q

The large posterior cavity of the eyeball is the ________, which lies between the lens and the retina and contain the _________, which gives shape to the eye

A

vitreous chamber

vitreous body

33
Q

What nervous system division is responsible for the special senses?

A

somatic nervous system

34
Q

The choroid and retina are attached by the ________, its function being ___________

A

pigmented layer

absorbs extra light via melanosomes to provide contrast in vision

35
Q

In the retina, ______ and ______ cells inhibit nearby photoreceptors

A

horizontal

amacrine

36
Q

Retinal bipolar cells function to ______________

A

relay sensory information from rods and cones to ganglion cells

37
Q

Glaucoma is ____________

A

increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve

38
Q

The function of the ciliary body is _______

A

secretion of aqueous fluid by filtering blood plasma

39
Q

What neurons of the retina contribute axons into the bundle of the optic nerve?

A

Ganglion cells

40
Q

What neurons of the retina absorb the light?

A

Photoreceptors

41
Q

A cataract is ___________

A

a clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision

42
Q

In a nearsighted or _______ eye, the plane of focus is located __________

A

myopic

in front of the retina

43
Q

In a farsighted or _______ eye, the plane of focus is located __________

A

hyperopic

behind the retina

44
Q

Myopic vision is corrected with a _____ lens

A

concave

45
Q

Hyperopic vision is corrected with a ______ lens

A

convex

46
Q

Papilledema is _________

A

optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure

47
Q

Presbyopia is __________

A

progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects

48
Q

Glaucoma is ________

A

damage to the optic nerve as a result of intraocular pressure

Anatomy 3 (12 decks)

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