Week 4 - Pons, Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum

Question 1

The function of the Pons is ________

Answer 1

to conduct motor and sensory information between various CNS structures

Question 2

Important structures of the Pons are _______

Answer 2

middle cerebellar peduncles
superior cerebellar peduncles
reticular formation
respiration centers - Apneustic, Pneumothaxis

Question 3

The middle cerebellar peduncles connect __________

Answer 3

opposite half of the cerebellum with the pons

Question 4

The superior cerebellar peduncles connect _________

Answer 4

efferent axons with thalamus, midbrain, basal ganglia

Question 5

Every neuron that exits the cerebellum is considered ________, even though it goes “upstairs” at times

Answer 5

efferent (motor)

Question 6

The reticular formation plays important roles in _______

Answer 6

regulations of muscle reflexes, sensory impulses, respiration, homeostasis, consciousness

Question 7

Stereognosis is ________

Answer 7

identification of a form/shape

Question 8

Proprioception is ________

Answer 8

identification of joint positions

Question 9

The Pneumothaxic area ______ breathing

Answer 9

terminates

Question 10

The Apneustic area ______ breathing

Answer 10

initiates

Question 11

Which cranial nerves originate within the Pons?

Answer 11

CN V - VIII

Question 12

CN V is known as the _____ nerve and is responsible for ______

Answer 12

Trigeminal
motor and sensory function of the face
Tongue-temperature, proprioception, vibration, texture, pain

Question 13

CN VI is known as the _______ nerve, it is the _____ nerve for _______ muscle

Answer 13

Abducens
motor
lateral rectus

Question 14

CN VII is known as the _______ nerve, it is responsible for ___________ and partially responsible for _________

Answer 14

Facial
facial expressions, taste sensations from anterior 2/3 of tongue, salivation, lacrimation
hearing (stabilizing tempanic membrane)
Closing eyelids

Question 15

CN VIII is known as the _____ nerve, it is responsible for _____

Answer 15

Vestibulo-cochlear

hearing and equilibrium maintenance

Question 16

The Medulla oblongata is connected to the cerebellum via ________

Answer 16

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 17

What cranial nerves originate in the medulla oblongata?

Answer 17

CN IX - XII

Question 18

CN IX is known as ________ nerve and is the major nerve for _______

Answer 18

Glossopharyngeal
swallowing
salivation, taste and other sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 19

CN X is known as ______ nerve and is the major nerve for _______

Answer 19

Vagus
maintaining homeostasis of internal organ milleu (rest & digest)
taste sesnations in pharynx, epiglottis
gag reflex

Question 20

CN XI is known as ______ nerve and controls ______

Answer 20

Accessory

SCM and Trapezius muscles

Question 21

CN XII is known as _____ nerve and the motor nerve of ________

Answer 21

Hypoglossal

the tongue

Question 22

Important tracts of the medulla oblongata are ______

Answer 22

Pyramids / Cortico-Spinal tracts

Question 23

The Pyramids / Cortico - Spinal tracts are the major ______ of ________ from cerebral areas ___ and ___ to the spinal cord for control _________

Answer 23

projection
neuronal axons
#4
#6
conscious movement

Question 24

At the border of the medulla and the spinal cord, 90% of the ______ tracts are crossing over within the ________

Answer 24

cortico-spinal / pyramidal

pyramidal decussation

Question 25

The lateral bulges of the medulla oblongata are ______ which are connected with the ______ and are responsible for ________

Answer 25

olives cerebellum equilibrium maintenance

Question 26

List important nuclei of the medulla oblongata

Answer 26

``` cardiovascular center rhythmicity area area postrema deglutition center olives ```

Question 27

The cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata controls __________

Answer 27

heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, diameter of blood vessels

Question 28

The rhythmicity area of the medulla oblongata controls _________

Answer 28

basic rhythm of respiration

Question 29

The area postrema of the medulla oblongata controls ________

Answer 29

nausea and vomiting

Question 30

The deglutition area of the medulla oblongata controls _________

Answer 30

swallowing

Question 31

The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by ________ and _________

Answer 31

transverse fissure | tentorum cerebelli

Question 32

The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem via ________

Answer 32

superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 33

The cerebellar cortex consists of _____ layers of cells

Answer 33

three

Question 34

The cerebellum has ___ hemispheres and the ____ in the middle

Answer 34

2 | vermis

Question 35

Each cerebellar hemisphere consists of __ major lobes (______ ), divided by _______

Answer 35

2 posterior & anterior primary/main fissure

Question 36

The _______ lobe is perpendicular to the vermis

Answer 36

flocculo-nodular

Question 37

What are the nuclei of the cerebellum (from most medial to most lateral)?

Answer 37

fastigial globose emboliform dentate

Question 38

Together the cerebellar nuclei are involved in ________

Answer 38

subconscious movement coordination posture and balance maintenance coordination of ocular and vestibular reflexes

Question 39

The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect _______

Answer 39

afferent and efferent axons to/from the medulla oblongata

Question 40

The cerebellum is reponsible for _________

Answer 40

skilled movement w/ basal ganglia automatic movement adjustment proprioception

Question 41

The longest nerve in the body is the _________

Answer 41

Vagus nerve - CN X

Question 42

Which cranial nerves are responsible for taste sensation?

Answer 42

CN VII, IX, CN X

Question 43

CN ___ opens the eye while CN ___ closes the eye.

Answer 43

CN III | CN VII