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PIMS Embalming I > Week 8 Antemortem & Postmortem Changes > Flashcards

Week 8 Antemortem & Postmortem Changes Flashcards

1
Q

before death

A

antemortem

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2
Q

interval before someone passes is known as the ____

A

agonal period

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3
Q

in a dying state (in the agonal period)

A

moribund

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4
Q

in the case of an extended agonal period, these signs of imminent death may be noticed (2)

A

death rattle
death struggle

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5
Q

noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity

A

death rattle

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6
Q

semi-convulsive twitches that often occur before death

A

death struggle

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7
Q

decrease in body temperature immediately before death; common where death occurs slowly

A

agonal algor

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8
Q

increase in body temperature immediately before death; common with infection, toxemia, and some types of poisoning

A

agonal fever

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9
Q

settling of blood into dependent tissues immediately before death

A

agonal hypostasis

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10
Q

change from a fluid into a thickened mass of blood immediately before death

A

agonal coagulation

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11
Q

dilation of pores within the capillaries immediately before death

A

agonal capillary expansion

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12
Q

escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death as a result of disease processes or capillary expansion

A

agonal edema

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13
Q

loss of moisture immediately before death which may occur in tandem with agonal edema but in other areas of the body; may also occur in the capillaries when fluid leaks out

A

agonal dehydration

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14
Q

redistribution of endemic microflora on a host-wide basis immediately before death; organisms may be motile, may enter and move through the bloodstream, or may move with shifts in moisture and hypostatic changes

A

agonal translocation

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15
Q

distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air from a puncture or tear in the pleural sac or the lung tissue, just prior to death

A

antemortem subcutaneous emphysema

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16
Q

antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement

A

necrobiosis

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17
Q

pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism

A

necrosis

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18
Q

antemortem form of gangrene, associated with anaerobic gas-forming bacilli, most commonly, Clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene

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19
Q

antemortem gas gangrene can lead to postmortem tissue gas (T/F)

A

true

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20
Q

condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained

A

apparent death

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21
Q

the death of the organism as a whole

A

somatic death

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22
Q

respiration and heartbeat irreversibly cease

A

clinical death

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23
Q

irreversible phase of somatic death where organs and simple body processes can no longer operate

A

biological death

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24
Q

phase of somatic death including the death of the individual cells of the body

A

postmortem cellular death

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25
Q

phases of somatic death (4)

A

clinical death
brain death
biological death
postmortem cellular death

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26
Q

body of a deceased person, including cremated remains

A

human remains

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27
Q

the study of death, dying, bereavement, and mourning

A

thanatology

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28
Q

period that begins after somatic death

A

postmortem

29
Q

____ postmortem changes do not change the chemical composition of the body or create new chemical substances

A

physical

30
Q

____ postmortem changes result in the formation of new chemical substances

A

chemical

31
Q

postmortem cooling of the body to ambient temperature

A

algor mortis

32
Q

rate at which the body cools depends on various ____ and ____ factors

A

intrinsic & extrinsic

33
Q

changes from within the body

A

intrinsic

34
Q

changes from outside the body

A

extrinsic

35
Q

intrinsic factors affecting algor mortis (2)

A

body weight
temperature of body at time of death

36
Q

how body weight affects cooling: larger surface area = ____ cooling; more mass = ____ cooling

A

faster; slower

37
Q

extrinsic factors affecting algor mortis (3)

A

clothing covering the body
temperature and humidity of environment
cause and manner of death

38
Q

areas where blood flow has been inhibited during hypostasis will exhibit ____

A

contact pallor

39
Q

thinner blood will not cause more hypostatic changes (T/F)

A

false (it will)

40
Q

intravascular red-blue discoloration resulting from postmortem hypostasis of blood

A

livor mortis (cadaveric lividity)

41
Q

loss of moisture from body tissue, which may occur antemortem or postmortem ; the removal of water from a substance

A

dehydration

42
Q

extreme dehydration often resulting in post-embalming discolorations

A

desiccation

43
Q

ability of cells to draw moisture from the area surrounding them (including out of the vascular system)

A

imbibition

44
Q

reasons for postmortem loss of moisture (3)

A

direct surface evaporation, imbibition, gravitation of body fluids toward dependent areas

45
Q

the thickness of a liquid

A

viscosity

46
Q

increased viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels

A

agglutination

47
Q

in translocation, organisms may be ____, may enter and move through the ____, or may move with shifts in ____ and ____ changes

A

motile
bloodstream
moisture
hypostatic

48
Q

physical postmortem changes (6)

A

algor mortis
hypostasis
livor mortis
loss of moisture
increase in blood viscosity
translocation of microbes

49
Q

normal pH of a body is around ____

A

7.4

50
Q

after death the pH shifts from slightly ____ to ____ and back to ____

A

basic
acidic
basic

51
Q

after death, carbs being stored in the muscle tissue are broken down into ____ and ____

A

pyruvic acid & lactic acid

52
Q

the ____ usually occurs within the first three hours following death; the body remains ____ during the ____ stage

A

pH shift
acidic
rigor mortis

53
Q

buildup of ____ creates an ideal environment for soft proteins to decompose into ____ products, which are ____

A

acid
nitrogenous
basic

54
Q

nitrogenous products build up and neutralize the ____ that have built up in the tissues, shifting the pH to ____ which increases with further decomposition

A

acids
alkaline

55
Q

postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes

A

rigor mortis

56
Q

rigor mortis affects all tissues of the body (T/F)

A

false (only muscles, but all muscles)

57
Q

rigor mortis will get in the way of distribution of embalming fluid (T/F)

A

true

58
Q

rigor mortis usually appears ___ to ___ hours after death and passes naturally within ___ to ___ hours

A

2–4 hours
36–72 hours

59
Q

immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body

A

cadaveric spasm (instantaneous rigor)

60
Q

____ occurs before rigor mortis begins; ____ occurs after rigor mortis has passed naturally

A

primary flaccidity
secondary flaccidity

61
Q

Rigor begins in the entire body at the same time but is most evident, at first, in large muscles (T/F)

A

false (small muscles)

62
Q

normal progression of rigor mortis

A

involuntary eye muscles
jaw, face, and neck
upper extremities, trunk, lower extremities

63
Q

ideal temperature for rigor mortis is ___; rigor will not occur at temperatures below ___ or above ___

A

ideal 98°F
below 32°F or above 120°F

64
Q

severity of rigor depends on these variables (5)

A

temperature
age
gender
cause of death
condition of muscles

65
Q

extravascular discoloration that occurs when heme seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues

A

postmortem stain

66
Q

postmortem stain occurs due to ____ of ____; it occurs about ___ to ___ hours after death

A

hemolysis of red blood cells
6–10 hours

67
Q

rise in body temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism

A

postmortem caloricity

68
Q

postmortem chemical changes (6)

A

pH shift
primary flaccidity
rigor mortis
secondary flaccidity
postmortem stain
postmortem caloricity

PIMS Embalming I (8 decks)

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