Week 2 Proximal & Distal Arm

Question 1

the soft tissue under the shoulder, or the armpit / underarm

Answer 1

axilla

Question 2

anterior wall of the axillary space

Answer 2

anterior axillary fold (pectoralis major muscle, pectoralis minor muscle)

Question 3

posterior wall of the axillary space

Answer 3

posterior axillary fold (latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major muscles)

Question 4

medial wall of the axillary space

Answer 4

ribs 2–6 and the corresponding intercostal muscles, covered by the serratus anterior muscle

Question 5

lateral wall of the axillary space

Answer 5

shaft of the humerus, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles

Question 6

base of the axillary space

Answer 6

fascia and skin where the axillary hair is found

Question 7

apex of axillary space

Answer 7

cervicoaxillary canal, bound by clavicle, scapula, & first rib

Question 8

axillary artery is ____ & ____ to the axillary vein

Answer 8

lateral & deep

Question 9

linear guide for the axillary artery

Answer 9

a line from a point over or through the center of the base of the axillary space to a point over or through the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space; line is parallel to the long axis of the abducted arm

Question 10

anatomical guide for the axillary artery

Answer 10

behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle

Question 11

anatomical limits for the axillary artery

Answer 11

lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle

Question 12

origin and termination of the axillary artery

Answer 12

continuation of the subclavian artery; terminates as it leads into the brachial artery

Question 13

branches of the axillary artery

Answer 13

Highest/supreme thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 14

brachial plexus

Answer 14

five roots from the spinal nerves C5 through T1, form three trunks which lie superior & deep to the subclavian artery, split into anterior and posterior divisions in the cervicoaxillary canal, divisions recombine and form three cords which surround the axillary artery within the axillary sheath (medial, posterior, and lateral to artery), cords divide to form five terminal branches (median nerve lateral to the brachial artery, and ulnar nerve medial to the artery)

Question 15

brachial artery is ____ & ____ to the basilic vein

Answer 15

lateral & deep

Question 16

origin & termination of the brachial artery

Answer 16

originates as continuation of the axillary artery, bifurcates into the ulnar and radial arteries

Question 17

linear guide for the brachial artery

Answer 17

a line on the surface of the skin from a point over the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space to a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the elbow joint

Question 18

anatomical guide for the brachial artery

Answer 18

artery lies in the bicipital groove at the posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 19

anatomical limits of the brachial artery

Answer 19

from a point beginning at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle to a point inferior to the antecubital fossa

Question 20

incision for the brachial artery

Answer 20

made along with the upper one-third of the linear guide furthest from elbow joint

Question 21

origin of radial artery

Answer 21

at the bifurcation of the brachial artery on the lateral side of the forearm

Question 22

two small veins on either side of the radial and ulnar arteries

Answer 22

venae comitantes

Question 23

linear guide for the radial artery

Answer 23

a line on the surface of the skin of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger

Question 24

anatomical guide for the radial artery

Answer 24

artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and just medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle

Question 25

anatomical limits for the radial artery

Answer 25

artery extends from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the base of the thumb (thenar eminence)

Question 26

origin of the ulnar artery

Answer 26

originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery on the medial side of the forearm

Question 27

linear guide for the ulnar artery

Answer 27

a line on the surface of the skin from the center of the antecubital fossa on the forearm to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers

Question 28

anatomical guide for the ulnar artery

Answer 28

artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (it lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis)

Question 29

anatomical limits for the ulnar artery

Answer 29

from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the pisiform bone (hypothenar eminence)

Question 30

structures of the distal forearm from lateral to medial

Answer 30

brachioradialis
radial artery
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
ulnar artery
flexor carpi ulnaris