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PIMS Embalming I > Week 5 Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry > Flashcards

Week 5 Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

carbon has __ valence electron(s)

A

4

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2
Q

hydrogen has __ valence electron(s)

A

1

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3
Q

oxygen has __ valence electron(s)

A

6

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4
Q

nitrogen has __ valence electron(s)

A

5

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5
Q

a group of atoms that have specific properties; hold the same characteristic behaviors in any compound they’re attached to

A

functional group

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6
Q

a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element

A

oxide

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7
Q

a compound consisting of hydrogen and oxygen (–OH)

A

hydroxyl

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8
Q

an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen molecules

A

hydrocarbon

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9
Q

a hydrocarbon containing single carbon–carbon bonds only

A

alkane (saturated hydrocarbon)

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10
Q

a hydrocarbon containing at least one double carbon–carbon bond

A

alkene (a type of unsaturated hydrocarbon)

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11
Q

a hydrocarbon containing at least one triple carbon–carbon bond

A

alkyne (a type of unsaturated hydrocarbon)

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12
Q

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups

A

alcohol

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13
Q

____ alcohols have more than one hydroxyl group

A

polyhydroxyl

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14
Q

an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups

A

aldehyde

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15
Q

derivatives of alkanes able to cross-link proteins

A

aldehydes

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16
Q

a class of organic compounds with the general formula R(CO)R’

A

ketones

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17
Q

an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)

A

carboxylic acid

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18
Q

an organic compound with the general formula RCOOR’

A

ester

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19
Q

formed by combining a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

A

ester

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20
Q

organic compound containing the group –SH

A

thiols (mercaptan)

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21
Q

Heavier ____ make up the main class of lipids; lighter ____ have fragrant properties

A

esters

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22
Q

carboxylic acid is a strong acid (T/F)

A

false (it is a weak acid)

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23
Q

organic compounds containing nitrogen with the general formula of R–NH2

A

amines

24
Q

derivatives of carboxylic acids in which a hydroxyl group is substituted with an amine or ammonia having the general formula of R–CONH–R’

A

amides

25
Q

four major macromolecules

A

carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins

26
Q

a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol

A

carbohydrate

27
Q

function in chemical energy storage and as a structural component of cell membranes

A

carbohydrates

28
Q

monosaccharides with an aldehyde functional group

A

aldehyde derivatives / aldose carbohydrates

29
Q

glucose and ribose are examples of ____

A

aldose carbs

30
Q

monosaccharides with a ketone functional group

A

ketone derivatives / ketose carbohydrates

31
Q

fructose is an example of ____

A

a ketose carb

32
Q

As carbs decompose, they are broken back down into ____ and then further decompose into ____ and ____

A

more simple sugars
carbon dioxide and water

33
Q

fat, wax, or oil-based compounds comprised of long hydrocarbon chains

A

lipids

34
Q

fats are ____ + ____

A

saturated fatty acids + glycerol

35
Q

oils are ____ + ____

A

unsaturated fatty acids + glycerol

36
Q

a type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols

A

wax

37
Q

____ are generally esters of fatty acids with alcohols; found in adipose tissue and generally responsible for energy storage

A

simple lipids

38
Q

____ are generally comprised of a fatty acid, an alcohol, and other functional groups; ____ are a component of cell membranes and ____ play a role in the brain

A

compound lipids
phospholipids
sphingolipids

39
Q

the hydrolysis of a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid

A

saponification

40
Q

a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat

A

adipocere (gravewax)

41
Q

a biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids

A

protein

42
Q

the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

A

imbibition

43
Q

the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by physical or chemical means

A

coagulation

44
Q

a chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water

A

hydrolysis

45
Q

the distribution and breakdown of a protein by heat or chemicals

A

denaturation

46
Q

the building blocks of proteins that contain an amino group (–NH2) and a carboxyl (–COOH) group; are amphoteric

A

amino acids

47
Q

a substance capable of maintaining a constant pH by neutralizing both acids and bases

A

buffer

48
Q

buffers must be a mixture of an acid and a base (T/F)

A

true

49
Q

in a buffer, the ____ group serves as the acid and the ____ group serves as the base

A

carboxyl
amino

50
Q

bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl group on another amino acid

A

peptide bond

51
Q

a compound containing two or more amino acids in a chain

A

peptide

52
Q

a long peptide chain

A

polypeptide

53
Q

a ____ is made of 50+ amino acids

A

protein

54
Q

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst

A

enzyme

55
Q

the material upon which an enzyme acts

A

substrate

56
Q

self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by enzymes

A

autolysis

PIMS Embalming I (8 decks)

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