Week 5 Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry

Question 1

carbon has __ valence electron(s)

Answer 1

4

Question 2

hydrogen has __ valence electron(s)

Answer 2

1

Question 3

oxygen has __ valence electron(s)

Answer 3

6

Question 4

nitrogen has __ valence electron(s)

Answer 4

5

Question 5

a group of atoms that have specific properties; hold the same characteristic behaviors in any compound they’re attached to

Answer 5

functional group

Question 6

a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element

Answer 6

oxide

Question 7

a compound consisting of hydrogen and oxygen (–OH)

Answer 7

hydroxyl

Question 8

an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen molecules

Answer 8

hydrocarbon

Question 9

a hydrocarbon containing single carbon–carbon bonds only

Answer 9

alkane (saturated hydrocarbon)

Question 10

a hydrocarbon containing at least one double carbon–carbon bond

Answer 10

alkene (a type of unsaturated hydrocarbon)

Question 11

a hydrocarbon containing at least one triple carbon–carbon bond

Answer 11

alkyne (a type of unsaturated hydrocarbon)

Question 12

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups

Answer 12

alcohol

Question 13

____ alcohols have more than one hydroxyl group

Answer 13

polyhydroxyl

Question 14

an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups

Answer 14

aldehyde

Question 15

derivatives of alkanes able to cross-link proteins

Answer 15

aldehydes

Question 16

a class of organic compounds with the general formula R(CO)R’

Answer 16

ketones

Question 17

an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)

Answer 17

carboxylic acid

Question 18

an organic compound with the general formula RCOOR’

Answer 18

ester

Question 19

formed by combining a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Answer 19

ester

Question 20

organic compound containing the group –SH

Answer 20

thiols (mercaptan)

Question 21

Heavier ____ make up the main class of lipids; lighter ____ have fragrant properties

Answer 21

esters

Question 22

carboxylic acid is a strong acid (T/F)

Answer 22

false (it is a weak acid)

Question 23

organic compounds containing nitrogen with the general formula of R–NH2

Answer 23

amines

Question 24

derivatives of carboxylic acids in which a hydroxyl group is substituted with an amine or ammonia having the general formula of R–CONH–R’

Answer 24

amides

Question 25

four major macromolecules

Answer 25

carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins

Question 26

a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol

Answer 26

carbohydrate

Question 27

function in chemical energy storage and as a structural component of cell membranes

Answer 27

carbohydrates

Question 28

monosaccharides with an aldehyde functional group

Answer 28

aldehyde derivatives / aldose carbohydrates

Question 29

glucose and ribose are examples of ____

Answer 29

aldose carbs

Question 30

monosaccharides with a ketone functional group

Answer 30

ketone derivatives / ketose carbohydrates

Question 31

fructose is an example of ____

Answer 31

a ketose carb

Question 32

As carbs decompose, they are broken back down into ____ and then further decompose into ____ and ____

Answer 32

more simple sugars carbon dioxide and water

Question 33

fat, wax, or oil-based compounds comprised of long hydrocarbon chains

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

fats are ____ + ____

Answer 34

saturated fatty acids + glycerol

Question 35

oils are ____ + ____

Answer 35

unsaturated fatty acids + glycerol

Question 36

a type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols

Answer 36

wax

Question 37

____ are generally esters of fatty acids with alcohols; found in adipose tissue and generally responsible for energy storage

Answer 37

simple lipids

Question 38

____ are generally comprised of a fatty acid, an alcohol, and other functional groups; ____ are a component of cell membranes and ____ play a role in the brain

Answer 38

compound lipids phospholipids sphingolipids

Question 39

the hydrolysis of a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid

Answer 39

saponification

Question 40

a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat

Answer 40

adipocere (gravewax)

Question 41

a biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids

Answer 41

protein

Question 42

the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

Answer 42

imbibition

Question 43

the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by physical or chemical means

Answer 43

coagulation

Question 44

a chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water

Answer 44

hydrolysis

Question 45

the distribution and breakdown of a protein by heat or chemicals

Answer 45

denaturation

Question 46

the building blocks of proteins that contain an amino group (–NH2) and a carboxyl (–COOH) group; are amphoteric

Answer 46

amino acids

Question 47

a substance capable of maintaining a constant pH by neutralizing both acids and bases

Answer 47

buffer

Question 48

buffers must be a mixture of an acid and a base (T/F)

Answer 48

true

Question 49

in a buffer, the ____ group serves as the acid and the ____ group serves as the base

Answer 49

carboxyl amino

Question 50

bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl group on another amino acid

Answer 50

peptide bond

Question 51

a compound containing two or more amino acids in a chain

Answer 51

peptide

Question 52

a long peptide chain

Answer 52

polypeptide

Question 53

a ____ is made of 50+ amino acids

Answer 53

protein

Question 54

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Answer 54

enzyme

Question 55

the material upon which an enzyme acts

Answer 55

substrate

Question 56

self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by enzymes

Answer 56

autolysis