week 8 Flashcards
branch of natural science that is concerned with;
- description and classification of matter
- properties of matter
- changes that matter undergoes or the conditions necessary to cause or prevent such changes
- energy associated with each of the changes
chemistry
- based on multiplying or dividing units by 10
- length = meters
- mass/weight = gram
- volume = liter
review of the metric system
King. Henry. Died. Unexpectedly. Drinking. Chocolate. Milk
Kilo Hecto Deca One Unit Deci Centi Milli
1 kilo = 1 hecto = 1 deca = 1 unit = 10 deci = 100 centi = 1,000 milli =
1,000 units K 100 units H 10 units D One Unit U 1 unit D 1 unit C 1 unit M
Moving right on metric system ; you __
divide
Moving left on the metric system ; you ___
multiply
temperature scales
fahrenheit , Celsius, Kelvin
boiling and freezing temps for Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin
F = 32 - 212 C = 0 - 100 K = 273 - 373
any large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen
organic
molecules are composed of other elements, contain hydrogen or carbon, but if they have both they are organic
inorganic
branch of science concerned with chemical and physicochemical processes that occur within living organisms
biochemistry
the processes and effects of chemistry on tissues in the body with formaldehyde and other chemicals
embalming chemistry
the chemistry of death. used to describe the changes that occur in the chemical composition of the human corpse as soon as death occurs
thanatochemistry
2 divisions of matter
- physical classification
2. chemical classification
anything that has mass; anything that you can see and touch
matter
characteristics of physical classification
- solids
- liquids
- gases
characteristics of chemical classification
- pure substances
2. mixtures
characteristics of pure substances of chemical classification
- elements (hydrogen, oxygen)
2. compounds (water, sand)
characteristics of mixtures of chemical classifications
- homogenous mixtures (air, salt in water)
2. heterogeneous mixture (sand and common salt)
characteristics of chemical classification of compounds to water
- inorganic compounds
2. organic compounds
not readily absorbed into a solvent (sand in water)
insoluble solute
readily absorbed into a solvent (salt in water)
soluble solute
- a heterogenous mixture composed of two or more substances
- it may not have the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample
- mixture of solute and solvent in which size particles is greater than 100 nanometers
- particles do not dissolve; in time they separate on their own and settle out. ex. dust in air or sand in water
insoluble solute suspensions
- a homogenous mixture composed of two or more substances
- has the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample
- very stable; will not settle out
- cannot be removed by filter or centrifuge (ex. salt in water)
soluble solute solutions
a true solution or “homogenous”
-ingredients are evenly distributed in uniform composition
formalin
subdivisions of quantifying solutions (measuring these solutions) (4)
- concentration
- percentage
- ratios
- part per million
the ratio of mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or the solute
concentration
by weight and/or volume
percentage
portion of mixtures
ratios
method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter
parts per million
solution containing less of the solute that can be held in solution by the solvent at a certain temperature and pressure
unsaturated
solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold in a solution at a certain temp and pressure
saturated
solution containing more of the solute that the solvent is able to hold in solution at a certain temp and pressure forming crystals
supersaturated
are very large solutes; can be found in the solution and in the interstistial fluid; they cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane (cell membranes)
colloids
very small solutes; can be found in the solution and the interstitial fluids; can pass through semipermeable membranes
crystalloids
scattering of a beam of light caused by particles in a colloid. allows a homogenous solution and colloids to be distinguished
Tyndall effect
solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
hypotonic solution
solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which its compared
hypertonic solution
a solution having a concentration of dissolved solute equal to that of a standard of reference
isotonic solution
characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition
chemical properties
changes the identity of the substance
chemical changes
simple substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
elements
the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element
-made up of neutrons, protons and electrons
atom
contains the neutrons and protons
nucleus of the atom
contains the electrons
shell of the atom
tabular arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number. columns represent the periodic reoccurrence of similar properties
-helps to prevent chemical reactivity
periodic table of elements
- NO electrical charge
- not easily combined
noble gases
gives number of protons and defines an element
atomic number
- weight of carbon atom
- essentially protons + neutrons
atomic mass
-substance consisting of 2 or more atoms combined or bonded chemically in definite proportions by mass
compounds
smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone
-an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms, for a specific chemical substance
molecules
H2O
1 oxygen atom + 2 hydrogen atom
water atom
an outer shell electron that is asssociated with an atom
valence electron
a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
covalent bond
two atoms sharing two electron pairs
double bonds
two atoms sharing one electron pair
single bond
H2CO
hydrogen 2
carbon
oxygen
formaldehyde
