week 2 info Flashcards
destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body.
disinfection
the chemical treatment of the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance
embalming
4 areas of embalming
- disinfection
- preservation
- sanitation
- restoration
disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process;
-washing body before embalming
primary disinfection
disinfection carried out during the embalming process
- constant washing and cleaning during the embalming process
concurrent disinfection
disinfection carried out after the embalming process
-wash again after embalming is completed so nothing (purge, vomit, blood etc) is left over
terminal disinfection
an attempt to arrest decomposition by inactivating saprophytic bacteria in the body tissue thus forming tissue less susceptible to decomposition.
preservation
an organism which gets its energy from dead and decaying organic matter. this may be decaying pieces of plants or animals. these are heterotrophs
saprophyte
an organism that can’t manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances usually plant or animal matter. all animals, protozoans, fungi and most bacteria are this
heterotrophs
an organism capable of synthesizing its own food form inorganic substances using light or chemical energy. green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are these
autotroph
- embalming chemicals react with proteins of the body, proteins of the enzymes, and protein of the microbes to prevent the retention of water. without water, they become more stable and therefore are longer lasting.
- proteins are made up of a long chain of amino acids. once amino acids split, it produces a gas with a horrible odor.
stabilization of the proteins
an organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition.
-digestive __ are capable of destroying cells within their own body
enzymes
no water, no
decomposition
-an approach to infection control in which. all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected; don’t cross contaminate
protect;
you, public, environment.
create a clean, sanitary body
sanitation
how to achieve sanitation during embalming?
PPE; personal protective equipment
treatment of the deceased in an attempt to recreate natural form and color
restoration
5 classifications of embalming
- vascular
- surface
- hypodermic
- cavity
- anatomical embalming
- the use of the blood vascular system of the body to accomplish temporary preservation, sanitation, and restoration of the deceased
- injection of embalming chemicals in the arteries and drainage from the veins
- used to preserve entire body, larger body sections and localized body areas
vascular
- direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals
- considered a supplemental treatment to vascular injection and is used when vascular injection is unsuccessful or impossible
surface
- injection of embalming chemicals into tissues through the tissues by use of a syringe needle or trocar
- supplemental embalming procedure used when tissues in the adult body can’t be treated sufficiently by vascular injection
hypodermic
- direct treatment of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemical using a trocar
- accomplished in 2 phases using a trocar
cavity
-aspiration and injection
this type of embalming is different than the standard vascular embalming. ITs used for medical school dissection which can last several months or years. Usually multiple gallons are injected into one vessel and no drainage is allowed; this expands all vessels with fluid. NO cavity aspiration is allowed so as to not harm the anatomy of the internal organs
anatomical embalming
- to undergo destructive dissolution; implies a slow change from a state of soundness
- decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
decay
to separate into constituent pars or elements or into simpler compounds; by chemical process
decompose
the science of treating the dead human body chemically to temporarily inhibit decomposition
preservation
chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and that will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomp
preservative
the decomposition of organic matter
putrefaction
a process to promote and establish conditions that minimize or eliminate biohazards
sanitation
a substance acted upon by an enzyme in the living organism or embalming chemicals in preserving the dead body
substrate
the prevent or retard an unwanted alteration of a physical state. slowing the onset of the changes of decomposition by the use of refrigeration, dry or wet ice and the injection of non formaldehyde fluids
stabilize
what is combined to form a latticework of inert firm material so that the embalmed tissue can no longer be easily broken down by bacterial or autolytic body enzymes?
chemicals and proteins
what has many reactive centers and are able to hold water?
body proteins
What does embalming do to body proteins?
Destroys the reactive centers and the new protein substance (embalming chemical) is no longer able to hold water, thus are more stable and longer lasting
What is the goal of restoration?
try to lessen the evidence of devastation caused by long-term disease and illness, extended us of drug therapies, surgery, tumors, trauma, disfigurements and postmortem changes which all have effected the areas of body that will be viewed.
What can injection of the proper embalming chemicals do?
- restore facial tissues
- decrease facial swellings
- remove postmortem intravascular discolorations
- reduce extravascular blood discolorations
- restore natural facial coloring
process of arterial embalming
during arterial embalming, a preservative chemical solution is injected into a major artery(s), and while this is being done, the blood is displaced and simultaneously drained from a vein
What is the order of cavity and arterial embalming?
- arterial
2. cavity
Where does the preservative solution not flow through while embalming?
The heart
How does the embalming solution flow outside the heart?
The solution travels to the ascending aorta where it places pressure on the aortic semilunar valves, forcing them to close. After the valves are tightly shut, the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta and the entire aorta get filled with the preservative solution which now flows through the branches of the circulatory system.
simplest division of the blood vascular system?
capillary system
why is the capillary system is the simplest division of the blood vascular system?
it is the structural mediator through which the injected preservative chemicals that are delivered to the receptive tissue sites
What is another name for arterial embalming?
capillary embalming
Why do we need to embalm in the cavity?
because the organ in the cavity are not embalmed by arterial embalming
How are the liquids or gases taken out of the cavity?
By aspiration of a trocar
what tools are used for hypodermic embalming?
syringe, needle, or a variety of trocars
When is hypodermic embalming used?
When perservative chemicals don’t reach an area by arterial embalming
How is surface embalming applied?
aerosol, liquid, gel or applied by a cotton (surface compress)
What is the primary concern for cadavers used at medical schools?
preservation and sanitation of the tissues
What type of document should be written for every deceased?
embalming care report
Why is the embalming report important for embalmers?
it has significant value in situations of trauma if the embalmers testimony for the condition of the body is needed for legal proceeding.
What are the 5 aspects that the embalming report should have?
- condition of the body before prep
- manner and methods of the prep
- any postembalming treatments
- date and time of arrival, start/end times of prep and who prepped deceased
what are the two basic sequences for all deceased
1.universal precautions 2. identification
where do all medical waste and body bags belong after use?
biohazard container
Why do embalmers prefer to suture incisions after a prep?
because aspirating will relieve the pressure on the vascular system and reduces the risk for incision leakage
how is the rate of flow for embalming determined?
by embalming analysis
What are the 3 questions that should be asked during injecting of the embalming solution?
- Which body areas are/aren’t receiving arterial solution?
- should the strength of the solution be increased?
- has the body or body are received sufficient amount of arterial solution?
an instrument used to clamp an accompanying vein to control drainage
hemostat
What do hemostat’s clamp on to, to control drainage?
accompanying veins
