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PAR3021 - Emergency Management > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What does CBRN event mean

?

A 
Chemical
Biological
Radiological 
Nuclear
Weaponised (bombs, dirty bombs)
Non-weaponised (dangerous goods or hazardous materials)
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2
Q

What are the 3 things used to classify chemical weapons?

A
  • degree of effect
  • effect on the body
  • duration of the hazard
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3
Q

What type of agents are considered under the ‘Degree of effect’ category of chemical weapons?

A

Harassing agent
Incapacitating agent
Lethal agent

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4
Q

What type of agents are considered under the ‘Effect on the body’ category of chemical weapons?

A
  • Nerve agent
  • Respiratory agent
  • Blister agent
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5
Q

What type of agents are considered under the ‘Duration of the hazard’ category of chemical weapons?

A
  • Persistent agent

* Non persistent agent

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6
Q

What are the different types of nerve agents?

A
  • Muscarinic
  • Nicotinic
  • Central nervous system
  • Death due to respiratory paralysis
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7
Q

What are biological agents?

A
  • Achieve intended effect by infecting victims.
  • Disease-causing microorganisms / replicative entities:
  • Eg Viruses, bacteria, fungi
  • Ability to multiply in host over time.
  • Disease may be caused by interaction between biological agent, the host and the environment
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8
Q

what are biological weapons characterised by?

A
  • Infectivity
  • Virulence
  • Lethality
  • Pathogenicity
  • Incubation period
  • Contagiousness
  • Stability
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9
Q

What are the types of radiation found in radiological weapons?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
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10
Q

What are the types of exposure relating to radiological weapons?

A
  • External

* Irradiation

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11
Q

What are the types of CBRN incidents?

A

Intentional incidents

Accidental incidents

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12
Q

What is an intentional CBRN incident?

A

Involve malicious use of chemical, biological or radiological material / agents to inflict death, injury and damage:

  • Criminal acts eg deliberate dumping or release of hazardous materials.
  • Malicious, non politically motivated poisoning of individual/s.

• Terrorist acts.

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13
Q

What is an accidental CBRN incident?

A

human error or natural or technological reasons:

  • Spills, accidental releases or leakages.
  • Outbreaks of infectious diseases.
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a CBRN incident?

A
  • Potential for mass casualties, loss of life or long term effects.
  • Creation of extremely hazardous environment.
  • Similar signs and symptoms.
  • Initial ambiguity / delay in determining type of material involved.
  • Potential use of combination of CBR materials.
  • Narrow time frame for administration of life saving interventions.
  • Need for immediately available medical treatment and specialised pharmaceuticals.
  • Need for timely, efficient and effective mass decontamination systems.
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15
Q

What are the countermeasures for CBRN incidents?

A

Technical equipment

  • Detection
  • PPE

Medical Therapy

  • Treatment
  • Prophylaxis

Organisational Strategies

  • Specially developed intelligence systems
  • Standard operating procedures
  • Training

International law

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16
Q

What are the control agencies in CBRN incidents?

A
  • Chemical: Fire services.
  • Biological: DHS.
  • Radiological: DHS.
  • Rescue and decontamination: Fire services.
  • Initial control agency may be VicPol if explosion (presumed bomb) is involved.
17
Q

What is the role of the ambulance in CBRN incidents?

A
  • Provision of appropriate skills and equipment for CBR emergencies.
  • Triage of casualties.
  • Provision of most effective transportation means for casualties.
  • Assistance with coordination of medical teams.
  • Provision of support to other agencies.
  • Assist with the decontamination of casualties (in specified zone, using
    trained personnel in appropriate protective equipment, in consultation
    with the Incident Controller).
18
Q

What is the Hot Zone?

A
  • Area of likely contamination.
  • Area immediately around location of incident.
  • Contaminants at levels that could pose immediate threat to life and health.
  • Only trained personnel in appropriate PPE may enter.
19
Q

What is the Warm zone?

A
  • Surrounding hot zone.
  • Contaminants still at levels that pose a risk to unprotected personnel.
  • Only trained personnel in appropriate PPE may enter.
  • Used to control inward and outward movement between hot zone and cold zone.
  • Decontamination is established and undertaken.
20
Q

What is the cold zone?

A
  • Surrounds warm zone.
  • Contains incident control.
  • Triage and treatment facilities.
  • Planning area.
  • Staging and assembly areas.
  • Free of contamination and PPE not required.
21
Q

What are the indicators of CBRN/HAZMAT incident?

A 
Unexplained casualties:
• Multiple victims.
• Serious illnesses.
• Casualty patterns.
• Nausea, disorientation, SOB, convulsions

Unusual liquid, spray or vapour:
• Droplets, oily film / residue.
• Unexplained odour.
• Low lying clouds / fog unrelated to weather.

Suspicious devices / packages.

Unusual dead or dying insects / animals

22
Q

What is the specific management for CBRN incidents?

A

• Full CBR PPE required to rescue from contaminated
area.

  • Triage.
  • Remove casualty from ongoing exposure.
  • BLS.
  • Positioning.
  • Airway management (BVM if time and resources available).
  • Antidote administration.
  • Decontamination.
  • Ongoing management.
  • Transport.
23
Q

What are some of the challenges on scene regarding decontamination?

A
  • Delay at scene establishing decontamination, triage and treatment areas
  • Casualties may flee scene and self-present at hospital or be transported prior to decontamination occurring

• Casualties may require decontamination in the hospital setting prior
to treatment

  • Additional risks to patients
  • Hypothermia
  • Airway compromise
  • Anxiety due to loss of senses
24
Q

What is included in PPE Level A?

A

• Fully encapsulated chemical
resistant, gas tight suit

• Breathing apparatus

• Provides maximum level of
respiratory and skin protection

25
Q

What is included in PPE level B?

A 
• Chemical splash suit
• Breathing apparatus
• Nitrile gloves
• Chemical resistant boots
• Provides maximum level
of respiratory protection
• Lesser degree of skin
protection
26
Q

What is included in PPE level C?

A
  • Chemical splash suit
  • Full face air purifying respirator
  • Nitrile gloves
  • Chemical resistant over-boots
  • Used when airborne contaminants are known and the atmosphere has normal levels of oxygen
27
Q

What is a persistent agent?

A

Stays in the area for a long period of time

28
Q

What is a non persistent agent?

A

Exists in the environment for a short period of time

29
Q

What is included in PPE level D?

A
  • White tyvek overalls
  • Tyvek over boots
  • Nitrile gloves
  • Safety glasses
  • P2 mask
30
Q

What happens when an ADSU is activated?

A

• all PPE operators are to stop
work and render assistance

  • BA Entry Control procedure ensure your safety
  • ADSU ensures you can be found
  • Remember the emergency signals

PAR3021 - Emergency Management (11 decks)

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