Week 8 Flashcards
Describe a functional analysis of behavior. What are the parts of a functional analysis (SORC) and be able to apply in an example.
- Stimulus (the stimulus
- Organism (the organismic variable related to the problematic behavior (thoughts emotions, attitudes, beliefs, motivations)
- Response (response (problematic behavior)
- Consequences (what happens as a result)
What are examples of cognitive distortions?
- Dichotomous thinking
- Personalization
- Overgeneralization
- Catastrophizing
- Selective Abstraction
- Unrealistic expectations
- Core beliefs about the self
Thought record: What is it used for?
- Event
- Automatic thoughts
- Rational cognitive alternatives
- Outcome and emotions
Cognitive therapy - Generally, clients fill out records as things happen, similar to behavior activation sheets - Sometimes they can be retrospective, but the goal is to catch thoughts and feelings as they happen
What are the steps of treatment in Beck’s CBT
- Activity scheduling
- increase pleasant activities
- Cognitive rehearsal of steps
- Assertiveness training, role playing
- Identify automatic thoughts
- Examine accuracy of thoughts
- Reattribute blame of negative consequences
- Help search for alternative solutions
How are behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies different from one another?
(BA Targets)
BA Targets
- Behaviors that need to be activated
- Behaviors that inhibit activation (like avoidance/ escape behaviors)
- Rumination
What is the theoretical premise of BA? How does BA regard the contribution of biological and genetic factors to depression?
Depressed individuals behave in a way which reduced the opportunities for rewards from their environment. Effective intervention involves helping people solve problems and behave in a manner which brings them more reinforcement from their environment.
Compare a downward spiral to an upward spiral
Downward Spiral
- what happened –> how do you feel –> what you do or do not do ? –> feel more negative –> maintain or increase problems (then back to the beginning)
Upward Spiral
What happened? –> how do you feel –> what did you do or not do –> feel more psoitive –> solve problems and build a more rewarding life (then back to the beginning)
- the difference seems to be how you feel about it and the more positive you can feel the more upward you spiral
What therapist style/stance is thought to be necessary in BA?
- Maintain session structure
- Remain action-oriented
- Validated client’s experiences
- Be non-judgmental
- Express warmth and be genuine with clients
- Reinfoce reports or examples of adaptive behavior
Dimidjian 2017: Know the main points of the article, the research question, the design of the study, generally, the population studied, and what the results were, generally, along with any limitations to the study. Research Question Population Design Findings
Research Question: Is BA more effective amongst pregnant women with depression than TAU (treatment as usual)
Population: Pregnant women (mena age = 28.75 years) with depressive symptoms.
Design: Randomized placebo-controlled design
Findings: This study tested the efficacy of BA by comparing it with CT and ADM in a randomized placebo-controlled design in adults with major depressive disorder. Among the most severly depressed patients, BA was comparable to ADM and demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to CT.
How are behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies different from one another?
CBT targets
Goals of Cognitive Therapy
- Identify (maladaptive thoughts
- Refute (be able to see the distortions inherent in the maladaptive thoughts evidence for and against)
- Replace (maladaptive thoughts with healthier ones; reattribution training)
What does it mean that changes happens from the outside in?
Behaviorists believe that once you change behaviors your thoughts change too (outside in), believe it to be more efficient - Change from outside in: don’t have to change cognitions, if we change behaviors → internal experience changes - Cognitive perspective: changing from the inside out
What is an example of guided activation
Guided activation: come up with plan, “I am going to go to the gym more. May make me feel less depressed”, break down into all of the steps in order to achieve goal of going to gym twice a week, therapist holds hand during planning
How does activity monitoring contribute to therapy success?
Activity monitoring: homework, what we did + emotional experience - Pros: Real time info, more accurate than retrospective reporting (prospective reporting), data you use to tailor intervention - Guiding them (coach) to change behavior. Holding person accountable. - Behavioral activation. Change behavior causes change in mood.
