Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evidence Based Clinical Practice > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The different theoretical approaches to psychotherapy

A
  • Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies
  • Behavior therapy
  • Cognitive Therapy
  • Humanistic Therapy
  • Integrative or holistic therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies

A

focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. Psychoanalytically oriented therapies are characterized by a close working partnership between therapist and patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

Focuses on learning’s role in developing both normal and abnormal behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Behavior Therapy: classical conditioning

A

associative learning ex: pavlov’s dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Behavior Therapy: Desensitizing

A

classical conditing in action. A therapist might help a client with a phobia through repeated exposure to whatever it is that causes anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Behavior Therapy: Operant conditioning

A

relies on rewards and punishments to shape people’s behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Cognitive therapists believe that it’s dysfunctional thinking that leads to dysfunctional emotions or behaviors. By changing their thoughts, people can change how they feel and what they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Humanistic Therapy

A

This approach emphasize people’s capacity to make rational choices and develop to their maximum potential. Concern and respect for others are also important themes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Humanistic Therapy: Client- Centered therapy

A

rejects the idea of therapists as authorities on their clients’ inner experiences. Instead, therapists help clients change by emphasizing their concern, care and interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Humanistic Therapy: Gestalt therapy

A

emphasizes what is calls “organismic holism” the importance of being aware of here and now and accepting responsibility for yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Humanistic Therapy: Existential therapy

A

Focuses on free will, self-determination and the search for meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Integrative or holistic therapy

A

many therapists don’t tie themselves to any one approach. Instead, they blend the elements from different approaches and tailor their treatment according to each client’s needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vail Model

A
  • 1973
  • Recommended an alternate model of training: more on clinical service delivery
  • Understanding/ application of research emphasized, rather than independent design/production of research
  • Psy.d D degree
  • Liscensure equal to PH.d
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boulder Model

A
  • clinical psychology training conference
  • held in Boulder in 1949
  • Scientist practitioner model: clinical psychologists should be proficient in research and professional practice, earn a PH.d and complete a supervised year long internship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical Psychologist: description

A

“Clinical Psychology involves research, teachng and services relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting, and alleviating intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological , social and behavioral maladjustment, disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of client populations”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

clinical psychologist: requirements

A
  • education: Ph.d or Psy.d
  • Experience
  • Testing of competence
  • Good character (letters of rec)
  • Adherence to ethical principles and standards of conduct
  • State by state licensure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clinical psychology: Activities

A
  • assessment
  • treatment
  • research/writing
  • teaching
  • consultation
  • administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Counseling Psychologist

A
  • Much overlap, but created to “promote personal, educational, vocational, and group and adjustment” lie career counseling developmental transitions
  • can get a master’s Ph.d, Psy. D or Ed.d
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Social Worker

A
  • Psychotherapy but also administration and community based interventions. Focus is less on individuals and mroe on how social/ family/ situational and relationship issues can lead to distress and can lead to change
  • MSW and DSW
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Psychiatrist

A
  • M.D. some experience delivering psychotherapy, but more recently an emphasis on pharmacotherapy
  • Often collaborate with psychologists in delivering comprehensive treatment
21
Q

School Psychologists

A
  • Focus on intervention with children, adolescents, families i school and educational settings
  • Assessments, interventions, collaboration with other professionals and whole-school interventions (like bully-proofing programs)
  • Ph.D, Ed.d, Ed.S
22
Q

Marriage and Family Therapist

A
  • MFT degree

- Training emphasizies couple, family interventions as a way to treat distress and impairment

23
Q

APA ethical Principles

A
  • Beneficence and Nonmalefiecence
  • Fidelity and Responsibility
  • Integrity
  • Justice
24
Q

Beneficence and Nonmalfiecence

A

we benefit those we serve and do not harm

25
Q

Fidelity and responsibility

A

we are responsible to society and need to extablish relationships characterized by trust

26
Q

Integrity

A

we strive to be accurate honest and truth

27
Q

Justice

A

all are entitled to access physchological services; we should recognize our biases and boundaries of competence

28
Q

Respect for People’s Right and Dignity

A

we safeguard these rights

29
Q

Standards of ethical conduct

A
  • Resolving eithical issues
  • competence
  • human relations
  • privacy and confidentiality
  • advertising and other public statements
  • record keeping and fees
  • education and training
  • research and publication
  • assessment
  • therapy
30
Q

What are the steps to making ethical decisions in clinical practice?

A
  • 3.04 Avoiding Harm

Psychologists take resonable steps to avoid harming their clients/ patients students, supervises, research participants, organizational clients, and others with whom they work, and to minimize harm where it forseable and unavoidable

Psychologists do not participate in, facilitate, assist, or otherwise engage in torture, defined as any act by which severe pain or suffering with physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person, or in any other cruel, inhuman or degrading behavior that violates 3.04

31
Q

Health Disparity

A
  • A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage
  • influenced by characteristics historically linked to discrimination
    • race or ethnic group
    • religion
    • socioeconomic status
    • gender
    • age
    • mental health
    • cognitive, sensory, or physical disability
    • sexual orientation or gender identity
    • geographic location
32
Q

Health Equity

A

“Attainment of the highest level of health for all people. Achieving health equity requires valuing everyone equally with focused and ongoing societal efforts to address avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and health care disparities

33
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 1:

A
  • Guideline 1: psychologists are encouraged to recognzie that, as cultural being they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their percpetions of ad interacts with idnivduals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves
34
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 2:

A

Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the imprtance of multicultural sensitivity/ responsiveness to, knowledge of, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals

35
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 3

A

As educators, psychologists are encouraged to employ the constructs of multiculturalism and diversity in psychologgical education

36
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 4

A

Culturally sensitive psychological researchers are encouraged to recognize the importance of conducting culture-centered and ethical psychological research among persons from ethnic, linguistic and racial minority backgrounds

37
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 5

A

Psychologists are encouraged to apply culturally appropriate skills in clinical and other applied pscyhological practices

38
Q

What are the guidelines, generally, from APA around cultural competency?

Guideline 6

A

Psychologists are encouraged to use organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational (policy) development and practices.

39
Q

What are the components of culture

A
  • Ethnicity
  • Gender
  • SES
  • Sexual orientation
  • Geographic location
  • disability/ability status
  • Political affiliation
  • Religion/ Spirituality
  • Age
  • Level of education
  • Professional affiliation
  • Family structure
40
Q

How does awareness of your own biases (immplicit and explicit) relate to cultural competency, as well as ethical principles in clinical psychology?

A
  • Bias is a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc., are better than others, which often results in treating some people unfairly.
  • Explicit bias refers to attitudes and beliefs (positive or negative) that we consciously or deliberately hold and express about a person or group. Explicit and implicit biases can sometimes contradict each other.
  • Implicit bias includes attitudes and beliefs (positive or negative) about other people, ideas, issues, or institutions that occur outside of our conscious awareness and control, which affect our opinions and behavior. Everyone has implicit biases—even people who try to remain objective (e.g., judges and journalists)—that they have developed over a lifetime. However, people can work to combat and change these biases.
41
Q

How can clinicians be culturally proactive?

A
  • Develop an identity as a culturally proactice psychologist
  • frame your work around a commitment to questioning inequalities
  • anticipate clinets’ needs within your settings and adjust your practice to their interests, developing identities, and cultural expertise
  • articulate your own cultural positionality and reflect on the ways it shapes your work
    Use the cultural and linguistic backgrounds of your clients as resources for their learning
  • teach skills that will help your clients understand, critique, and contest systemic inequities and take social action to change them
42
Q

What are some of the ethical consideration in conducting assessments?

A
  • Psychologists administer, adapt, score, interpret or use assessment techniques, interviews, tests, or instruments in a manner and for purposes that are appropriate in light of the research on or evidence of the usefulness and proper application of the techniques.
  • Psychologists use assessment instruments whose validity and relibility have been established for use with members of the population tested. When such validity or reliability has not been established for use with memebers of the population tested. When such validity or reliability has not been established**
43
Q

What are some of the errors in clinical judgement and decision making that might affect the accuracy of your assessment

A
  • recency effects
  • illusory correlations
  • confirmation biases
  • – propensity to seek out information that reinforces a predisposition, existing belief or attitude
  • – propensity to dismiss, deny or distort evidence that contradicts a predispostion existing belief or attitude
  • inadequate feedback about failures
  • personal and cultural biases
44
Q

Naive Realism

A
  • Posits that raw sensory observations comprise a sufficient basis for drawing valid scientific inferences and that such observatons are unbiased
    • “i saw it with my own eyes”
    • “I’ll believe it when i see it”
45
Q

Systematic empiricism

A

Posits that although raw sensory observations are essential sources of initial information, they are subject of a plethora of porential biases and other errors in inference

46
Q

Anecdotal evidence

A
  • testimony that something is true, false, related, or unrelated based on isolated examples of someone’s personal experience
    • “What worked for me”
    • it didn’t help me
47
Q

Scientific Evidence

A
  • Proof based on findings from systematic observation, measurement and experimentation
48
Q

Shakow report

A

Year One: Establish a strong foundation in psychology and other applied sciences
Year Two: learn therapeutic principles and practices needed to treat patients
Year Three: Internship gain supervised field experience
Year 4: Complete research dissertation

49
Q

What is the APA Diviison 12 Task force?

A

Criticisms:

  • too focused on brief treatments
  • too focused on manualized treatments (often cognitive behavioral treatments)
  • too focused on specific vs. common factors
  • questions about applicability to a diverse range of patients

Praise

  • Integrated training in empirically supported treatments in graduate programs
  • stimuated enthusiasm about empricaly supported treatments and psychotherapy research

Evidence Based Clinical Practice (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions