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Principals > Week 8-6 > Flashcards

Week 8-6 Flashcards

1
Q

How is oxygen carried in the blood?

A

Dissolved in plasma
Bound to 4 hemoglobin chains

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2
Q

Visible difference in oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood?

A

Oxy-Hemoglobin- red
Deoxy- Hemoglobin- blue

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3
Q

Describe spectrophotometry?

A

The use of light waves to measure absorption to find patients O2 saturation

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4
Q

The two wavelengths used during spectrophotometry

A

Red-660
Infrared-940

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5
Q

Three types of hemoglobins

A

Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin

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6
Q

Methemoglobin pattern

A

At 660 it is absorbing red wavelength

At 940 it is also absorbing more than the other hemoglobin

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7
Q

Oxyhemoglobin pattern?

A

Reflects both red and absorbs some infrared

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8
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin pattern?

A

Reflects both. Especially at 940

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9
Q

Two types of spectrophotometry?

A

Transmittance spectrophotometry

Reflectance spectrophotometry

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10
Q

How does pulse oximetry single out arterial blood?

A

Since the venous blood is consistent, when the heart pumps, it creates a variable that the sensor reads.

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11
Q

What should we look at to deem a pt. monitor as accurate?

A

Do heart rates match?

Are wave forms uniform?

Is the carrot full?

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12
Q

Common problems encountered with pulse oximetry?

A

Ambient light
Infrared radiation
Poor pulse strength/irregular
Nail polish
Artifact

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13
Q

Normal range of error for pulse oximetry?

A

+ or - 4

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14
Q

Lowest SpO2 with a degree of reliability?

A

80<

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15
Q

Hemoglobin conditions that can provide false readings?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin- carbon monoxide

Methemoglobin- to high or low

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16
Q

Define mass

A

Amount of matter is an object/substance

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17
Q

Define atomic weight?

A

Weight of protons and neutrons

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18
Q

Define atomic weight?

A

Weight of protons and neutrons

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19
Q

Atomic number?

A

Based on number of protons

20
Q

Molecular weight?

A

The sum of the atomic weights of the constituent atoms

21
Q

Gram atomic weight?

A

The mass of one mole of an atom expressed in grams

22
Q

Equation for density

A

Mass/volume

23
Q

What properties of X-rays that allows it to penetrate skin?

A

Uses HIGH electromagnetic radiation carried by photons

24
Q

Define exposure?

A

The exposure of radiation to the body to produce a internal silhouette

25
Q

Define density in regards to production to X-rays

A

The state of matter and atomic mass that creates thickness that the photons must go through absorbs the photons to create the silhouette.

26
Q

Define radiolucenct

A

Matter that is clear through x-ray

27
Q

Define radiopaque

A

Matter that stops photons from reaching detector

28
Q

How does the heart look during a AP image?

A

Larger

Radiation does go straight, it is spread out

29
Q

Which projection do we take X-rays?

A

Posterior-anterior

30
Q

Why do we take a full inhalation during X-ray?

A

Can lead to misdiagnosed lung opacities

31
Q

Why is it important to remember a X-ray is two dimensional?

A

Things outside body can show up.

(Diagnosis is governed by density, thickness and exposure. Instead of layers of body tissue).

32
Q

Other names for X-rays?

A

CXR, plain films, chest roentgenograms.

33
Q

Formula for BMI?

A

Weight in kg divided by height in meters ^2

34
Q

Cm to meters?

A

Divide by 100

35
Q

Classification for BMI?

A

Normal <25 kg/m^2
Overweight 25-29 kg/m^2
Obese > or = 30 kg/^2

36
Q

Good application of BMI

A

useful for the average person
And “J shaped” relationship with mortality (drastic points on the spectrum)

37
Q

Shortcomings of BMI scale?

A

Doesn’t account for individuals physical activity level

Poor when calculating metabolic heath

38
Q

PBW for men formula

A

50 + 2.3 [height (inches)-60]

39
Q

PBW for female formula?

A

45.5 + 2.3 [height (inches) - 60]

40
Q

What protocol do we use PBW

A

ARDSnet

41
Q

Formula for the shock index?

A

HR/Systolic

42
Q

Normal range for the shock index?

A

0.5-0.7

43
Q

IBW formula for men?

A

106 + 6(height in inches -60)

44
Q

IBW for women?

A

105 + 5(height in inches - 60)

45
Q

Reason for poor perfusion?

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemia
Hypothermia
Administration of vasoconstrictor

46
Q

Reason for poor perfusion?

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemia
Hypothermia
Administration of vasoconstrictor

Principals (15 decks)

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