Aerosol Delivery Flashcards
Factors of pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Factors that affect Absorption
Drug pH
Fat solubility
Contact time
Drug concentration
Food in stomach
Routes of administration
Enteral
Parenteral
Percutaneous or mucosal
Enteral
Direct entry into GI, oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal
Parenteral
Administered IV
Percutaneous or mucosal (route for medication delivery)
Through skin or mucous membrane
Transdermal
Intrathecal
Inhalation
Topical
Vaginal
Urethral
Bioavailability?
How much medication makes it to the systemic circulation
Distribution
Site of action
Impeded
Facilitated
Reasons for Impeded drug
Drug bound to protein
Drugs that cannot pass through cell membrane
Enterally delivered drugs metabolized before able to act by liver (first-pass effect)
Facilitated (factors)
Lipid-soluble meds pass capillaries easier
They can pass blood-brain barrier
Half-life?
How long it takes for half the drug to be metabolized
Effects of liver and or kidney disease on metabolism?
The drug will have a prolong effect on the body until metabolized.
What happens during bio transformations?
Drugs are converted into water-soluble, in active forms. (Mostly liver)
What organs play a role in elimination
Chiefly: Kidneys
Lesser: Liver
Accessory means of elimination
Breath
Saliva
Sweat
Lab values for monitoring Kidney elimination values
Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate
Pharmacodynamics
Body’s response after drug binds
Why we choose inhalation
Direct delivery
Rich Blood Supply
“No first pass”
Impediments of inhalation
Contact time
Device
Disposition
Disease state
Patient Technique
Particle size removed at nose?
> 10 um
Particle size removed at mouth
> 15um
Particle size removed at first “6” generations
5-10 um
Particle size removed at last “5-6” generations
1-5 um
Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter?
Measures Geometric size
Geometric Standard Deviation
Measures variation of particle size distribution
Hetrerodisperse?
Wide range on sizes (>GSD)
Monodisperse?
All particles are similar size (<GSD)
Disposition for lung parenchyma?
0.8-3 um
Particle size for seasonal rhinitis
> 10 um (corticosteroids)
Particle size to numb oropharynx
5-10 um (lidocaine in prep for broncoschopy
Particle size for bronchodilators
2-5 um
Particle size for antiifective agents
1-2 um (lung parenchyma ⬇️ irritation of AW & ⬆️ intraalveolar disposition)
Inertia?
The tendency of a particle w/ mass to go straight
Gravitation sedimentation?
Tendency of gravity to pull particles out of suspension to settle on surfaces
Diffusion (definition)
Tendency of small particles by “Brownian motion” to strike surface and settle
Factors that influence Inertia?
Greater the mass and velocity of the particle
Velocity higher in upper and early generations
Airflow is turbulent
Factors that influence gravitational sedimentation?
Larger particles subjected to gravity. Smaller remain suspended
Slower speeds
Time
Brownian motion
Affects particles > 1um (0.1-1 um remain in suspension)
Moves particles toward alveoli
Time: particles reach eventually. Exhalation might start before settle.
Factors that affect biodynamic
Variability
Affinity
Agonism
Potency
Regular aerosols? (8)
Tobacco smoke
Secondhand smoke
Smoke of Elicit drugs
Automobile exhaust
Charcoal grill smoke
Smoke from burning building
Workplace aerosol
Spray deodorant
Target for bronchodilator? (AW Gen)
Lower Respiratory
Antiinfective target? (Gen)
Parenchyma
