Aerosol Delivery Flashcards by Jeremiah Sokol

Factors of pharmacokinetics

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

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Factors that affect Absorption

Drug pH
Fat solubility
Contact time
Drug concentration
Food in stomach

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Routes of administration

Enteral
Parenteral
Percutaneous or mucosal

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Enteral

Direct entry into GI, oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal

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Parenteral

Administered IV

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Percutaneous or mucosal (route for medication delivery)

Through skin or mucous membrane
Transdermal
Intrathecal
Inhalation
Topical
Vaginal
Urethral

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Bioavailability?

How much medication makes it to the systemic circulation

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Distribution

Site of action
Impeded
Facilitated

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Reasons for Impeded drug

Drug bound to protein

Drugs that cannot pass through cell membrane

Enterally delivered drugs metabolized before able to act by liver (first-pass effect)

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Facilitated (factors)

Lipid-soluble meds pass capillaries easier

They can pass blood-brain barrier

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Half-life?

How long it takes for half the drug to be metabolized

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Effects of liver and or kidney disease on metabolism?

The drug will have a prolong effect on the body until metabolized.

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What happens during bio transformations?

Drugs are converted into water-soluble, in active forms. (Mostly liver)

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What organs play a role in elimination

Chiefly: Kidneys
Lesser: Liver

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Accessory means of elimination

Breath
Saliva
Sweat

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Lab values for monitoring Kidney elimination values

Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate

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Pharmacodynamics

Body’s response after drug binds

Why we choose inhalation

Direct delivery
Rich Blood Supply
“No first pass”

Impediments of inhalation

Contact time
Device
Disposition
Disease state
Patient Technique

Particle size removed at nose?

> 10 um

Particle size removed at mouth

> 15um

Particle size removed at first “6” generations

5-10 um

Particle size removed at last “5-6” generations

1-5 um

Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter?

Measures Geometric size

Geometric Standard Deviation

Measures variation of particle size distribution

Hetrerodisperse?

Wide range on sizes (>GSD)

Monodisperse?

All particles are similar size (

Disposition for lung parenchyma?

0.8-3 um

Particle size for seasonal rhinitis

> 10 um (corticosteroids)

Particle size to numb oropharynx

5-10 um (lidocaine in prep for broncoschopy

Particle size for bronchodilators

2-5 um

Particle size for antiifective agents

1-2 um (lung parenchyma ⬇️ irritation of AW & ⬆️ intraalveolar disposition)

Inertia?

The tendency of a particle w/ mass to go straight

Gravitation sedimentation?

Tendency of gravity to pull particles out of suspension to settle on surfaces

Diffusion (definition)

Tendency of small particles by “Brownian motion” to strike surface and settle

Factors that influence Inertia?

Greater the mass and velocity of the particle Velocity higher in upper and early generations Airflow is turbulent

Factors that influence gravitational sedimentation?

Larger particles subjected to gravity. Smaller remain suspended Slower speeds Time

Brownian motion

Affects particles > 1um (0.1-1 um remain in suspension) Moves particles toward alveoli Time: particles reach eventually. Exhalation might start before settle.

Factors that affect biodynamic

Variability Affinity Agonism Potency

Regular aerosols? (8)

Tobacco smoke Secondhand smoke Smoke of Elicit drugs Automobile exhaust Charcoal grill smoke Smoke from burning building Workplace aerosol Spray deodorant

Target for bronchodilator? (AW Gen)

Lower Respiratory

Antiinfective target? (Gen)

Parenchyma