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Principals > Aerosol Delivery > Flashcards

Aerosol Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

Factors of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

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2
Q

Factors that affect Absorption

A

Drug pH
Fat solubility
Contact time
Drug concentration
Food in stomach

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3
Q

Routes of administration

A

Enteral
Parenteral
Percutaneous or mucosal

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4
Q

Enteral

A

Direct entry into GI, oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal

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5
Q

Parenteral

A

Administered IV

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6
Q

Percutaneous or mucosal

A

Through skin or mucous membrane
Transdermal
Intrathecal
Inhalation
Topical
Vaginal
Urethral

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7
Q

Bioavailability?

A

How much medication makes it to the systemic circulation

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8
Q

Distribution

A

Site of action
Impeded
Facilitated

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9
Q

Reasons for Impeded drug

A

Drug bound to protein

Drugs that cannot pass through cell membrane

Enterally delivered drugs metabolized before able to act by liver (first-pass effect)

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10
Q

Facilitated (factors)

A

Lipid-soluble meds pass capillaries easier

They can pass blood-brain barrier

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11
Q

Half-life?

A

How long it takes for half the drug to be metabolized

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12
Q

Effects of liver and or kidney disease on metabolism?

A

The drug will have a prolong effect on the body until metabolized.

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13
Q

What happens during bio transformations?

A

Drugs are converted into water-soluble, in active forms. (Mostly liver)

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14
Q

What organs play a role in elimination

A

Chiefly: Kidneys
Lesser: Liver

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15
Q

Accessory means of elimination

A

Breath
Saliva
Sweat

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16
Q

Lab values for monitoring Kidney elimination values

A

Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate

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17
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Body’s response after drug binds

18
Q

Why we choose inhalation

A

Direct delivery
Rich Blood Supply
“No first pass”

19
Q

Impediments of inhalation

A

Contact time
Device
Disposition
Disease state
Patient Technique

20
Q

Particle size removed at nose?

A

> 10 um

21
Q

Particle size removed at mouth

A

> 15um

22
Q

Particle size removed at first “6” generations

A

5-10 um

23
Q

Particle size removed at last “5-6” generations

A

1-5 um

24
Q

Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter?

A

Measures Geometric size

25
Q

Geometric Standard Deviation

A

Measures variation of particle size distribution

26
Q

Hetrerodisperse?

A

Wide range on sizes (>GSD)

27
Q

Monodisperse?

A

All particles are similar size (<GSD)

28
Q

Disposition for lung parenchyma?

A

0.8-3 um

29
Q

Particle size for seasonal rhinitis

A

> 10 um (corticosteroids)

30
Q

Particle size to numb oropharynx

A

5-10 um (lidocaine in prep for broncoschopy

31
Q

Particle size for bronchodilators

A

2-5 um

32
Q

Particle size for antiifective agents

A

1-2 um (lung parenchyma ⬇️ irritation of AW & ⬆️ intraalveolar disposition)

33
Q

Inertia?

A

The tendency of a particle w/ mass to go straight

34
Q

Gravitation sedimentation?

A

Tendency of gravity to pull particles out of suspension to settle on surfaces

35
Q

Diffusion (definition)

A

Tendency of small particles by “Brownian motion” to strike surface and settle

36
Q

Factors that influence Inertia?

A

Greater the mass and velocity of the particle

Velocity higher in upper and early generations

Airflow is turbulent

37
Q

Factors that influence gravitational sedimentation?

A

Larger particles subjected to gravity. Smaller remain suspended

Slower speeds

Time

38
Q

Brownian motion

A

Affects particles > 1um (0.1-1 um remain in suspension)

Moves particles toward alveoli

Time: particles reach eventually. Exhalation might start before settle.

39
Q

Factors that affect biodynamic

A

Variability
Affinity
Agonism
Potency

40
Q

Regular aerosols? (8)

A

Tobacco smoke
Secondhand smoke
Smoke of Elicit drugs
Automobile exhaust
Charcoal grill smoke
Smoke from burning building
Workplace aerosol
Spray deodorant

41
Q

Target for bronchodilator? (AW Gen)

A

Lower Respiratory

42
Q

Antiinfective target? (Gen)

A

Parenchyma

Principals (15 decks)

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