Week 8 Flashcards
codon
set of 3 bases
how to read genetic code
left, top, right
what codon does translation start on
AUG on mRNA
what are the 3 stop codons
UAG, UAA, UGA
- dont code for amino acids
transcription
cells controll frequency of transcription
mrna processing
diff mrna may be reproduced from a single gene
translation
cells control rate of translation
modification
cells can regulate a protein’s activity by modifying
degradation
cells can regulate a protein’s activity by degrading it
protein synthesis
creates protein molecules
- “centrazl dogma”
rna polymerase
synthesizes rna froma template of dna thru transcription
- needed for transcription
adjacent thymine
cuases residues (dimmers) on same strand of dna/distortion of one dna strand
- causes dna replication to halt
- can be from overexposure to UV rays
epigenetic
not a mutation in dna
gene silencing
block transcription/translation = no protein
what are chem alterations in dna
methylation; histone moldification can affect the dna packing/impact way we express our genes
dna methylation creates long lasting …. and is result of ….
changes in gene promoters; drug abjuse
dna is … to mrna and then … to proteins
transcribed; translated
antisense olignucleotides
complementary bind to transcribed mrna and will halt the translation process
.. carries all the amino acid seqeunces needed to create proteim
exons
dna replication happens where
Ori site (origin site)
in transcription, mrna needs to be
synthesized
promoter
beginning of gene
terminator
end of gene
we need intronms to avoid the risk of
mutations
spliceosome
removes introns
- mrna shortened so translations can happen = protein
transcription happens
in nucleus
- creates mrna
translation happens
in cytoplasm
- creates protein
we need ribosomal structurew
large/snmall subunit to create proteinms
- large = catalystic
- small = binding site for amino acids, mrna, trna
trna is … pairing
base
- temp association need for trna to bind to region `
.. bonds are created b/w amino acids
peptide bonds
- ribosomes allow them to form
3 sites
exit site; peptide site; amino assign site
peptides
short chains of amino acids
- building block of proteins
a .. will cuase a change in mrna
mutation
bacteria have a lack of …
introns
- also have enzymes that make them resistant
- susceptible to antibiotic
dna polymerasze needed for
dna replication to create dna/rna
rna polymerase needed for
transcription to create mrna, trna, rrna
antibiotics
inhibit rna polymerase = no protein
release factor
allows for the termination of translationm by recognizing stop codon in mrna sequence
