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Bio 1001 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where is dna is eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus; mitochondria; chloroplasts

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2
Q

nucleus has

A

,mostly chromosomal dna; introns/exons; mostly linear

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3
Q

introns

A

dont help in coding (no amino acid is created)

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4
Q

exons

A

have coding (tell cells to make specific amino acid to create specific proteins)

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

mtdna; smaller than nuclear dna; less/no introns but has exons

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6
Q

chloroplast

A

chdna; circular; smaller than nuclear dna; less/no introns but has exons

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7
Q

where is dna is prokaryotic cells

A

nuclear dns in cytoplasm free flowing
- no mitochondria/no chloroplast
- extrachromosomal plasmid dnd (very small)

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8
Q

do oujr cells make rna: after then what

A

yes; then protein

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9
Q

the nucleus in _ cells contains nuclear dna

A

euk cells

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10
Q

nucleus is _ center of cell

A

control center
- contain dna (stores all info needed to buikd cell/direct the chem rxn required for life)

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11
Q

chromosomes

A

dna more condensed

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12
Q

chromatin

A

dna less coliled

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13
Q

the __ helps genetic infor flow from dna - rna - protein

A

central dogma

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14
Q

inital stages of geen expression?

A

transcription/translation

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15
Q

transcription

A

info in dna of gene is copied into rna
- in euk cells = nucleus
- PRODUCES MRNA W/ NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE COMPLEMENTARY TO ONE OF THE DNA STRANDS

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16
Q

translation

A

mrna nucleotide sequence is decoed/info is converted to the sequence of amino acids in proteins
- in euk cells = cytoplasm (at ribosomes)
- PRODUCES PROTEIN W/ AMINO SEQUENCE DETERMIEND BY NUCLEOTIDE SEUENCE OF MRNA

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17
Q

dna is a what helix

A

double helix
- reduces length of dna so it can be arranged in nucleus

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18
Q

hsitones are

A

postive
- help dna coil

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19
Q

phosphates are

A

negative
- give dna neg charge (-ve)

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20
Q

humans have _ paris of chromosomes

A

23 pairs

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21
Q

nucleic acids

A

polymers of nucleotides
- formed by dehydration synthesis
– dna replication

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22
Q

dna replication

A

meeds large complex protein enzyme
- instructiosna re coded in dna itself

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23
Q

nucleotide parts

A

5-carb sugar, 1/more phosphate groups, nitrogenous base w/ single/double ring

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24
Q

single rings (pyrimidines)

A

thymine, uracil, cytosine (TUC)

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25
Q

double rings (purils)

A

adenine, guanine (AG)

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26
Q

a deoxy-ribose nucleotide has __

A

deoxyribose, monophosphate, and nitrogenous base
- fomred by dehydration synthesis

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27
Q

in deh synthesis

A

oxygen in phosphate group of 1 nucleotide is covalently bonded to the sugar of another
- water is product
- creates neds biomolecules

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28
Q

nucleotides may function as

A
  • energy-carrier molecules
  • intracellular messenger molecules
  • subunits of nucleic acids
29
Q

atp is formed whwere

A

in mito/chloro
-energy0carrier molecule
- stores energy in bonds among its phosphate groups (energy is released when 1 of those bonds are broken)

30
Q

ribise has how many oxygens?

A

all of them

31
Q

deoxyribose is missing what?

A

an oxygen

32
Q

the breakdown of atp hap;pens during

A

hydrolysis
- water is reactant

33
Q

in deh synthesis

A
  • -O- + HO –> -O- + H2O (form)
  • OH + H (reactants)
  • water is product
34
Q

in hyhdrolysis

A
  • -O- + H2O –> -OH + HO (form)
  • O + H2O (reactants)
  • water is reactant
35
Q

dna double helices are linked by

A

hydrogen bonds
ladder in spiral shape

36
Q

a carbo backbine will bond w/ wjhat

A

neighboring nucleotide (the suagr phosphate)
- produces suagr phisphate backbone of alternating, covelently bonded sugaars and phosphates

37
Q

A and G bonds w/ what in dna

A

T and C

38
Q

A bond sw/ what in rna

A

U

39
Q

P5’ — 3’OH matches w/

A

3’OH — P5’

40
Q

watson crick model

A

untwisted version of dna
- a single sgtrand of dna is a polymer consiting of many nucleotide subunits

41
Q

dna strand are antiparrale b/c

A

so they wont collide
- 1 stramd starts w/ free sugar and ends w/ free phosphate
- next strand starts w/ free phosphate and ends w/ free sugar

42
Q

genome

A

complete sequence of dna in anorganism that contains millions/billikons of nucleotides

43
Q

gyrase

A

Keeps dna in supercoiled form

44
Q

helicase

A

unwinds dna

45
Q

dna polymerase

A

parental strand
- can be error prone in bacteria

46
Q

rna is

A

single strand of ribose nucelotides
- has ribose
- usually single-stranded
- contains URASIl not thy,mine

47
Q

3 types of rna

A

mRNA; tRNA; rRNA

48
Q

mrna

A

carries code for protein-coding gene from dna to ribosomes

49
Q

trna

A

carries amino acids to ribosomes

50
Q

rrna

A

combine w/ proteins to form ribosomes

51
Q

ribosomes

A

link amino acids to form a protein

52
Q

concoding rna

A

regulates transcription/translation by binding to dna or mrna

53
Q

trna has an attached what

A

amino acid
ex: tyr

54
Q

ribosomal large subunit

A

catalytic site

55
Q

ribosomal small subunit

A

mrna, trna/amino acid (protein) binding sites

56
Q

caarbohydrates aid in what

A

megtabolism

57
Q

example of monosaccharide (a carbohydraate)

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

58
Q

example of disaccharide (still a carbohydrate)

A

sucrose

59
Q

lipids can be

A

saturated/unsaturated
- aids in metablosim

60
Q

ex of proteins

A

keratin, myosin, antibodies, glucagon, insulin
- aids in metabolism

61
Q

proteins are

A

made up of amino acids that will have extra/more NH3 (amino groups) w/ positive charge (+ve)

62
Q

mehyl CH3 is…

A

functional group that’s non-polar
- too much can change neg chnarge on dna (overuse of drugs/alcool)

63
Q

nonpolar

A

sharing equally

64
Q

polar

A

unequal sharing

65
Q

ionic

A

transferred b/w atoms

66
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

b/w polar molecules where hydrogen is bonded to oxygen/nitrogen

67
Q

rna polymerase

A

needed for rna, mrna, trna, rrna

68
Q

dna polymerase

A

dna rna

Bio 1001 (6 decks)

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