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Bio 1001 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

atoms

A

basic (smallest) structural units of elements

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2
Q

elements

A

substance that cant be broken donw into simpler substance

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3
Q

chemical rxn

A

processes that form/break bonds between atoms

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4
Q

periodic table

A

organizes elements according to atomic #/chemical characteristics

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5
Q

atoms are made up of __ subatomic particles

A

3 (neutrons/protons/electrons)

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6
Q

__ are found in the inner most core (nucleus) of the cell

A

protons/n`eutrons

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7
Q

of protons should

A

equal # of electrons

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8
Q

atomic # will ..

A

always equal # of protons

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9
Q

mass #

A

sum of protons + neutrons

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10
Q

merucry causes __ nerve cells

A

denuded nerve cells

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11
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of elements w/ diff # of neutrons
- each has diff mass # of neutrons

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12
Q

radioactive

A

nuclei spontaneousl break part (releases energy)

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13
Q

nuclei provide stability by

A

remaining uncharged (the protons/neutrons) during chem rxn

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14
Q

electeons are repsonsible for

A

interactions among atoms

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15
Q

the electrons close to the nucleus are

A

low energy and inner-most shell can only carry 2 electrons

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16
Q

the electrons in the outermost shell are

A

high energy

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17
Q

electron absorbs energy from sunlught, uv rays, etc..

A

is then boosted to a higher shell, then drops back into lower enery shell and then releases energ as heat and light (like bioluminescence)

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18
Q

molecules

A

made up of 2 or more atoms

19
Q

atoms form molecues to

A

fill vacancies in outer electron shells

20
Q

atom wont react w/ other atoms …

A

if outermost shell is full
(these are called inert (stable) atoms)

21
Q

__ is highly electronegative

A

oxygen (lieks taking electrons from other atoms)

22
Q

free radicals

A

atom whose outermiost shell is partially full (can contribute to aging/death since they can be so reactive)

23
Q

__ bonds hold atoms together in molecules

A

chemical

24
Q

chemical bonds

A

attract forces that hold atoms together (atoms gain/lose/share electrons)

25
Q

ionic bonds

A

attraction where electron is transferred ex: salt (NaCl)

26
Q

covalent

A

electrons are shared between atoms

27
Q

nonpolar covalent

A

electrons shared equally betwen atoms ex: CO2/ ex: hydrogen atom + hydrogen atom

  • are also less likely to dissolve
28
Q

polar covalent

A

electrons are shared unequally ex: H2O

29
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

attraction between polar nolecules where hydrogen is bonded to olxygen/nitrogen
- these bonds are very weak and can break when heat is increased!

30
Q

octet rule

A

8 electrons in outer shell
ex: table salt is ionic

31
Q

hydrigen bonds in water cause

A

cohesion

32
Q

cohesion

A

tendency of water molecules to stick together ‘
- also produces surface tension

33
Q

surface tension

A

tendency for water molecule to resist being broken

34
Q

water has __ prpoerties

A

cohesive/adhesive
- water will move up a root of a plant due to cohesive properties (capillary action)

35
Q

mercury has __ forces but not __

A

cohesive but not adhesive, which is better for a thermometer

36
Q

blood is both __ and __

A

cohesive/adhesive has lots of water

37
Q

water is a very important ..

A

solvent

38
Q

oil/water dont mix cuase of

A

nonpolar electrons

39
Q

pH

A

power of Hydrogen

40
Q

Water breaks down into

A

hydroxide/hydrogen ion

41
Q

hiw to say the pH of a solution:

A

the concentration of H+ ions versus the amount of OH- ions

42
Q

acidic solution

A

H+ excees OH-
-an acid releases H+ when dissolves in water
ex: lemon juice

43
Q

basic solution

A

OH- exceed H+
- a base increases OH- solution when dissolved in water
ex: socium hydroxide separates into both sodium and hydroxide in water

44
Q

neutral solution

A

equal balance between H+ and OH-
ex: water (pH is 7)
blood/milk are neutral to an extent
- blood = 7.4
- milk = 6.4

Bio 1001 (6 decks)

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