Week 8 Flashcards
Implicit learning knowledge (Karen Lichtman)
Knowledge that is accesible without awareness, in time-pressured situations, when focus is on meaning rather than form, without the use of metalanguage.
Explicit learning knowledge (Karen Lichtman)
Something the learner is conciously aware of, only available in non-time-pressured situations, requires a focus on form and can be verbalised using metalanguage.
To what are implicit and explicit knowledge similar according to Karen Lichtman?
Procedural and declarative knowledge.
Implicit instruction (Karen Lichtman)
Delivered spontaneously, presents target forms in context, minimal interruption, no use of metalanguage.
Explicit instruction (Karen Lichtman)
Predetermined and planned as the main focus of a teaching activity, presents target forms in isolation and uses metalinguistic terminology (rule explanation).
What did Karen Lichtman find about the effect of age on implicit and explicit language knowledge?
Age did not affect performance on tasks tapping implicit versus explicit knowledge, but instruction did.
What were the two conditions in White’s research on verb-placement parameter?
Instruction on English adverb placement vs instruction on English question formation.
What is the dual aim of the Government Binding Theory?
To characterize the native speaker’s knowledge of language and to explain how acquisition of such competence is possible.
GB
Government Binding Theory
What does GB theory argue that linguistic competence comes from?
Innate knowledge, which takes the form of Universal Grammar.
What is the main question of White ‘s study?
Do L2 learners still have access to a parameter of verb movement?
What does White assume about the verb parameter setting?
That it is open: it does not have a default setting.
What does White conclude about verb-movement parameter?
Francophone english learners incorrectly assume that English allows the verb to raise past an adverb, as it does in French.
