Week 7

Question 1

functionalism

Answer 1

The belief that natural languages exist in service of communicative functions.

Question 2

How do children acquire language according to the usage-based approach?

Answer 2

First and foremost by understanding how others use langugae.

Question 3

Does usage-based theory assume innate knowledge of grammar?

Answer 3

no, grammar is learned.

Question 4

Does usage-based approach support domain-specific or domain-general learning?

Answer 4

Domain-general.

Question 5

Dyadic communication

Answer 5

Communication between two people/

Question 6

Triadic communication

Answer 6

Communication where the attention of two individuals is focused on a third entity.

Question 7

holophrases

Answer 7

indivisible units of language that convey a single, complete communicative intention

Question 8

Name three patterns the child uses for distinctive communicative functions:

Answer 8

1) declarative
2) imperative
3) interrogative

Question 9

List three types of early multi-word construction in the usage-based approach:

Answer 9

1) word combinations
2) pivot schemes
3) item-based constructions

Question 10

word combinations (usage-based approach)

Answer 10

comprise two words that each have roughly the same status and are symbolizable units

Question 11

pivot schemas (usage-based approach)

Answer 11

pivot word is dominant & determines function of utterance as a whole.

Question 12

item-based construction (usage-based approach)

Answer 12

systematic use of word order and the emergence of morphological marking

Question 13

Transitivity bias

Answer 13

Children are more likely to incorrectly use an intransitive verb in a transitive construction than to incorrectly use a transitive verb in a non-transitive setting.

Question 14

substantial similarity

Answer 14

recognition of shared attributes

Question 15

structural similarity

Answer 15

recognition of shared structures or relationships

Question 16

token frequency

Answer 16

the number of times that a given linguistic item appears in a corpus of adult-child speech.

Question 17

type frequency

Answer 17

the number of times that a linguistic form occurs n a particular slot

Question 18

Entrenchment

Answer 18

increasing experience with a particular structure makes it less likely that errors will occur

Question 19

pre-emption

Answer 19

Hearing a verb use in a rare structure may prevent erroneous use of that verb in a more common structure.

Question 20

Principal C of the Binding theory

Answer 20

An R-expression can not be dependent on an antecedent.

Question 21

Theory of mind

Answer 21

The ability to realise that other people have different perspectives about the world than you do