Week 8

Question 1

What is the WHO definition of healthy aging?

Answer 1

the process of developing and maintaining the functioning ability that enables wellbeing in older age

Question 2

What are some aspects of healthy aging?

Answer 2

• remain physically, socially and mentally healthy
• learn, grow and make decisions
• be mobile
• build and maintain relationships
• contribute to society

Question 3

What are the 4 key considerations in healthy aging?

Answer 3

1. there is no typical older person
2. a large proportion of differences in older age is due to the cumulative (life course) impacts of advantage and disadvantage across people’s lives.
3. intervention is possible given we identify harming factors and target them
4. focus on improving quality of remaining life rather than only lengthening life

Question 4

T/F: The biggest focus of healthy aging should be to lengthen life

Answer 4

F. we should be focusing on improving quality of remaining life

Question 5

T/F: successful aging, healthy aging and aging are all the same

Answer 5

F

Question 6

define each:
1. successful aging
2. healthy aging
3. aging

Answer 6

1. successful aging = involves individual heath
2. healthy aging = involves societal health
3. aging = involves policy makers

Question 7

T/F: aging successfully means trying to not experience the natural process of aging

Answer 7

F. it just means low chance of chronic conditions and disability, high mental, physical and social functioning

Question 8

1. explain the WHO healthy aging model?
2. What is missing in the model?

Answer 8

1. WHO healthy aging model = a wholistic, multidisciplinary approach of health (self, physical, chronic disability, ADL), participation (work, leisure, shopping, religious) and security (neighbourhood safety, income sufficiency).
2. Physical and social health are included but MENTAL HEALTH is MISSING

Question 9

1. What is the successful aging model?
2. T/F: this model is a more comprehensive model compared to WHO healthy aging model

Answer 9

1. includes physical, social AND mental health
   Physical = low probability of illness/disability, physical fitness

mental = cognitive function, mood

social = social engagement

2. T

Question 10

1. What are some things we can improve in individuals so society will become healthy?
2. ________ ___________ is measurable and quantifiable

Answer 10

1. • functioning and disability
     - physical activity
     - cognitive capacity
     - prevalence of chronic disease and multi-morbidity
     - social engagement and contribution
2. social engagement

Question 11

1. What is the vision of healthy aging (by public health agency of Canada)
2. What are the areas of focus for behavioural intervention?
3. what are the 3 achievable factors?

Answer 11

1. have guiding ethical principles focused on dignity, independence, participation, fairness and security
2. social connectedness, physical activity, healthy eating, falls prevention, tobacco control
3. supportive environments, mutual aid, self care

Question 12

1. What is “Aging in Place”. What does it provide
2. T/F: this policy is very high cost
3. T/F: older adults want to move out of their family home?

Answer 12

1. the policy to live in one’s own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level. Keeps established social connection, continuous use of resources, additional direct individual based interventions. Gives established ties (people, physical/built envi, community) and provides a sense of identity and security (emotional and financial)
2. F. Very low cost
3. F.

Question 13

How does aging in place work?

Answer 13

• adaptations as needed either naturally (as the community ages) or through interventions like planned retirement, various housing

Question 14

1. T/F: older adults are the least active age group. Why or why not
2. The Canadian guidelines for older adults recommend at least _____ minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity per week

Answer 14

1. T. but this provides the idea that all older adults are like this.
2. 150

Question 15

What are the 4 studies in the steps for design and evaluation process of an intervention? Give examples of what each study provides in the context of this situation:

A community is evaluating the lack of activity of the older population

Answer 15

1. determinant studies = see what is a determinant of inactivity. Ex: lack of walkable places is a determinant
2. efficacy studies = experiment if this determinant were to be considered. Ex: check for walkable places and compare places with walkable places and how activity is different
3. efficiency study = check to see if the intervention will be helpful at the population level and if it will be effective
4. dissemination and implementation studies = translation into a policy, adaption in various populations

Question 16

Which design and evaluation studies are for evidence gathering?

Answer 16

determinant, efficacy, efficiency

Question 17

What are 3 reasons why some interventions don’t work?

Answer 17

1. evidence is wrong
2. implementations are wrong
3. wrong modifications –> some experts think they are better than science

Question 18

What are the 4 qualities of a good intervention?

Answer 18

1. has clear and specific goals
2. focuses on a particular subpopulations of older adults
3. interventions is clearly defined
4. outcome is measurable

Question 19

interventions aiming at healthy aging should also consider feasibility at the _________ level

Answer 19

population

Question 20

What are the 2 elements of evidence based programs?

Answer 20

1. therapeutic = focus is on behavioural risk factors like exercise, diet, stress reduction, smoking cessation
2. delivery = means by which older adults are motivated to implement and maintain appropriate health practices

Question 21

What is the silo approach?

Answer 21

formation of groups who examine only amount of change in health behaviour needed to have a meaningful effect or only focused practice implementation –> only looks at one risk factor or determinant

Question 22

1. ________ is needed to develop programs that are responsive to the changing needs and demands of populations and settings.
2. T/F: too much change can transform the intervention that does not adhere to the original principles

Answer 22

1. translation
2. T.

Question 23

1. How can you ensure that the intervention is delivered in the way it was originally intended?
   a) adherence policy
   b) originality treatment plan
   c) treatment fidelity
   d) program accuracy
2. Explain program drift

Answer 23

1. c)
2. when an intervention is delivered over a period of time and in multiple settings to have either a positive or negative outcome

Question 24

T/F: we should decrease the number of individuals served to follow the practice of scalability

Answer 24

F. increase people reached

Question 25

sustainability begins (before or after) its implementation

Answer 25

before

Question 26

1. What are intrinsic vs. extrinsic factors of aging?
2. What is the difference between usual and successful aging?
3. Successful aging states that aging characteristics are age _______ rather than age _________

Answer 26

1. intrinsic = physiological factors like metabolism, bone density, cognitive function
   extrinsic = psychosocial factors like social support and control
2. usual = intrinsic, high risk, normal decline of functioning with age
   successful = extrinsic and intrinsic, low risk, high functioning to maintain health
3. age related rather than age dependent

Question 27

what are the 5 principles identified by the national framework on aging? (Don’t Invite Piper For Safety)

Answer 27

1. dignity
2. independence
3. participation
4. fairness
5. security