Week 8 Flashcards
What joint does dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur?
Talocrucal joint
What joint does inversion and eversion occur at?
Subtalar joint
What is sprained in a high ankle sprains?
Anterior inferior talofibular ligament.
What makes up the forefoot, midfoot and rear foot?
Forefoot- metatarsals and phalanges.
Midfoot - Navicular bone, the cuboid bone and 3 cuneiform bones.
Rearfoot - Talus and calcaneus.
Why there is greater ankle stability when we are in dorsiflexion?
Talus is wider anteriorly than it is posteriorly and there is less movement at the ankle motus.
What does the transverse arch span?
It is perpendicular to the longitudinal arch and spans the midfoot region and head of metatarsals.
What is a pes cavus foot and why is it bad?
It means the person has a high arch, their foot is very rigid and is painful as it doesn;t absorb a lot of force.
What is a pes planus foot?
A flat foot and while the foot is more mobile than a pes cavus foot - painful because the forces cannot be distributed properly.
Which way does the tibia rotate when the foot is supinated and pronanted?
Supinated - external tibial rotation.
Pronated- internal tibial rotation.
When is the foot in supination in the gait cycle?
During toe off- when heel makes contact with the ground.
What it the pathway of the ground reaction force?
Lateral and medial.
How many degrees of ROM do you need for ankle dorisflexion to prevent overuse injuries?
10 degrees.
What is the consequence of having weak intrinsic foot muscles?
Reduced motor control and propioception.
What are some signs and symptoms following a contusion and acute compartment syndrome to the lower leg? Why is it a medical emergency?
Foot Drop Cold Foot Numbness and Tingling Shiny Look Swollen
Compromises neuromuscular structures.
Is chronic acute compartment syndrome a medical emergeny?
No - comes and goes and with rest the symptoms subside.
What are some mechanisms for leg cramps/spasms?
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Dehydration
- Improper neuromuscular firing.
What bone is most likely to get a stress fracture?
Tibia
What is the common name of medial tibial stress syndrome?
Shin splits - pain is not in a single spot but lower distal 1/3 of tibia.
What causes a gastrocnemius strain? What is the common name?
Forceful extensio of the knee when its in dorisflexion.
Common name - tennis leg.
What makes up the deltoid ligament in the ankle?
Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament, Tibiocalcaneal Ligament, Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament, and Tibionavicular Ligament
What causes avulsion on the 5th metatarsal?
When is the fibularis brevis contracts to control inversion and pulls so hard that a piece of bone comes off.
Why are Jones fractures problematic?
Doesn’t heal well because of poor blood supply and typically people will get a screw up in to hold one end into another.
What is calcaniofibular sprain? What is considered a positive test?
Pure inversion mechanism - motion more than 10 degrees.
What is a characteristic of a high ankle sprain injury?
Gapping at the ankle motus.
Why does down hill running cause achilles tendon disorders?
Lots of force to absorb.
Mechanism of injury for achilles tendon disorders. What does the injury look like.
Tight muscle/Tendon complex
Bony malalignment of foot.
Change in shoes or running surface
Increase in workload.
Achilles got thicker due to cumulative microtrauma.
What is the role of the fibularis retinaculum?
Wraps drown and around the lateral malleolus.
Where do you feel pain in fibularis tendonitis, anterior tibialis and posterior tibialis tendonitis?
F- pain behind lateral malleolus
AT - pain at front of ankle or medial midfoot.
PT - posterior and distal of medial malleolus.
What is the MOI for plantar fasciitis?
Training errors, training surfaces, and footwear.
Arch shape, excessive pronation, tight or weak calf muscles.
Why does a donut pad help with heel bruises?
Force is distributed around painful area.
What is good to remember from “pump bumps”?
Not achilles tendon issue but just from new shoes.
Describe retrocalcaneal bursitis?
It is quite common when the tendon is thin and the bursae will swell and pop out on either side of the calcaneal tendon.
What is truf toe? How does it occur?
Sprain at the first MCP joint from hyperextension at the big toe. Hard to tape because too much flexion is not functional.
