Week 3 Flashcards
How is the pia differ from the other types of meninges?
It’s directly attached to the brain surface.
What supplies 80% of the blood to the brain? What supplies the other 20%?
80%- internal carotid artery.
20% - vertebral foramen.
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
- Olfactory- smell
- Optic - sight
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- abducens
eye movement - Trigeminal - muscles are matiscation, jaw clenching.
- Facial - expression
- Vestibulocochlear- balance
- Glossopharyngeal- swalloing
- Vagus- person talking
- Spinal-shoulder shrung
- Hypoglossal - tongue movement.
What is likely to occur if an individual has a skull fracture?
Lots of bleeding because the scalp is highly vascularized.
What is the Halo Test? When is it used?
Used during skull fracture concern and to use if cerebral spinal fluid is leaking. You take a piece of guage and place it on their ear and if blood is in the centre surronded by a yellow-ish fluid = ring of cerebrospinal fluid and not good. Centre can also be clear.
What do signs of the face can also be an indication of cerebrospinal fluid leakage?
Raccoon Eyes or Battle Signs- a form of echomosis.
What is the danger with intracranial hematoma?
There is little space for bleeding to occur that this increases pressure that can lead to tissue damage or neurological problems.
What are a few differences between subdural and epidural hematomas?
Subdural- can develop slowly, individual is quite lucid, and can have cloudiness of consciousness.
Epidural- develops rapidly, the individual can be unconscious, can be disorientated or confused. Can lead to death/ permanent brain damage.
What are some signs of a mandible fracture and what are some tests conducted?
Malocclusion- step deformity
Palpation- may be a deformity or crepitus.
Tests: tongue blade tests or percussion.
When can you not perform a tongue blade test?
When there is an obvious facial deformity.
When do you see bruising or ecchymosis of gums?
If there is a jaw fracture.
Why must you always pick up a tooth by the crown? If the person is conscious where can you store it until you get to the hospital?
Do not want to determine nerves or periodontal ligaments as they are very fragile. You can store it in their cheek.
What do our semicircular canals in our ears help us with?
balance and upright posture.
Describe Auricular hematoma (cauliflower)
repetitive friction of a single trauma causing the external ear to be red and swollen.
Describe a tympanic membrane rupture?
Mechanical pressure in URI, otitis media, excruciating pain, red fluid leaking.
Describe otitis externa.
Inflammation of the external ear canal, causing severe pain and pressure, itching, and the canal may be red. Finger snapping and balance tests are used to determine this injury.
Describe otitis media.
Caused by URI, bacterial or viral infection. There is fluid accumulation in middle ear. Can result in hearing loss.
What do the following tests check for?
hearing balance weber valsalva
Hearing check: Otitis externa
Balance test: Otitis externa, Otitis media
Weber test: Otitis media
Valsalva test: tympanic membrane rupture
What is the medical term for nose bleeds?
Epistaxis
What is bad about having a deviated septum?
Restricted airflow
Describe a blow out fracture?
Direct blow to the eye that causes swelling, discoloration, tenderness, numbness and the inability to look upwards.
What test is used to detect corneal abrasion( a scratch to the cornea)
Fluorescent Dye Test
What is a sign of corneal laceration (cut cornea)?
A tear drop shaped pupil
What is iritis?
Inflamamtion of the anterior chamber of the eye.
Describe Hyphema.
Blood in the anterior chamber in front of the iris.
What is retinal detachment?
Disconnect between retina and optic nerve.
Describe conjunctivitis?
Caused by a virus or bacteria can cause red, swollen, itching, burning with with lots of discharge.
Describe Stye.
Acute infection of the oil glands of the eyelid. Can improve with a warm compress.
What do you do if there is a foreign object in someone’s eye?
Cover both eyes without putting any pressure on object and immediate referral.
