Week 3

Question 1

How is the pia differ from the other types of meninges?

Answer 1

It’s directly attached to the brain surface.

Question 2

What supplies 80% of the blood to the brain? What supplies the other 20%?

Answer 2

80%- internal carotid artery.

20% - vertebral foramen.

Question 3

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 3

1. Olfactory- smell
2. Optic - sight
3. oculomotor
4. trochlear
5. abducens
   eye movement
6. Trigeminal - muscles are matiscation, jaw clenching.
7. Facial - expression
8. Vestibulocochlear- balance
9. Glossopharyngeal- swalloing
10. Vagus- person talking
11. Spinal-shoulder shrung
12. Hypoglossal - tongue movement.

Question 4

What is likely to occur if an individual has a skull fracture?

Answer 4

Lots of bleeding because the scalp is highly vascularized.

Question 5

What is the Halo Test? When is it used?

Answer 5

Used during skull fracture concern and to use if cerebral spinal fluid is leaking. You take a piece of guage and place it on their ear and if blood is in the centre surronded by a yellow-ish fluid = ring of cerebrospinal fluid and not good. Centre can also be clear.

Question 6

What do signs of the face can also be an indication of cerebrospinal fluid leakage?

Answer 6

Raccoon Eyes or Battle Signs- a form of echomosis.

Question 7

What is the danger with intracranial hematoma?

Answer 7

There is little space for bleeding to occur that this increases pressure that can lead to tissue damage or neurological problems.

Question 8

What are a few differences between subdural and epidural hematomas?

Answer 8

Subdural- can develop slowly, individual is quite lucid, and can have cloudiness of consciousness.

Epidural- develops rapidly, the individual can be unconscious, can be disorientated or confused. Can lead to death/ permanent brain damage.

Question 9

What are some signs of a mandible fracture and what are some tests conducted?

Answer 9

Malocclusion- step deformity
Palpation- may be a deformity or crepitus.

Tests: tongue blade tests or percussion.

Question 10

When can you not perform a tongue blade test?

Answer 10

When there is an obvious facial deformity.

Question 11

When do you see bruising or ecchymosis of gums?

Answer 11

If there is a jaw fracture.

Question 12

Why must you always pick up a tooth by the crown? If the person is conscious where can you store it until you get to the hospital?

Answer 12

Do not want to determine nerves or periodontal ligaments as they are very fragile. You can store it in their cheek.

Question 13

What do our semicircular canals in our ears help us with?

Answer 13

balance and upright posture.

Question 14

Describe Auricular hematoma (cauliflower)

Answer 14

repetitive friction of a single trauma causing the external ear to be red and swollen.

Question 15

Describe a tympanic membrane rupture?

Answer 15

Mechanical pressure in URI, otitis media, excruciating pain, red fluid leaking.

Question 16

Describe otitis externa.

Answer 16

Inflammation of the external ear canal, causing severe pain and pressure, itching, and the canal may be red. Finger snapping and balance tests are used to determine this injury.

Question 17

Describe otitis media.

Answer 17

Caused by URI, bacterial or viral infection. There is fluid accumulation in middle ear. Can result in hearing loss.

Question 18

What do the following tests check for?

hearing balance weber valsalva

Answer 18

Hearing check: Otitis externa
Balance test: Otitis externa, Otitis media
Weber test: Otitis media
Valsalva test: tympanic membrane rupture

Question 19

What is the medical term for nose bleeds?

Answer 19

Epistaxis

Question 20

What is bad about having a deviated septum?

Answer 20

Restricted airflow

Question 21

Describe a blow out fracture?

Answer 21

Direct blow to the eye that causes swelling, discoloration, tenderness, numbness and the inability to look upwards.

Question 22

What test is used to detect corneal abrasion( a scratch to the cornea)

Answer 22

Fluorescent Dye Test

Question 23

What is a sign of corneal laceration (cut cornea)?

Answer 23

A tear drop shaped pupil

Question 24

What is iritis?

Answer 24

Inflamamtion of the anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 25

Describe Hyphema.

Answer 25

Blood in the anterior chamber in front of the iris.

Question 26

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 26

Disconnect between retina and optic nerve.

Question 27

Describe conjunctivitis?

Answer 27

Caused by a virus or bacteria can cause red, swollen, itching, burning with with lots of discharge.

Question 28

Describe Stye.

Answer 28

Acute infection of the oil glands of the eyelid. Can improve with a warm compress.

Question 29

What do you do if there is a foreign object in someone’s eye?

Answer 29

Cover both eyes without putting any pressure on object and immediate referral.