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KINE 3P80 > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint needed for and what ligament support it?

A
  • Needed for good shoulder ROM
  • interclavicular ligament
  • anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
  • costoclavicular ligament
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2
Q

How to sprains and strains happen at the SC joint? How does it happen?

A

Force transmitted through the clavicle.
FOOSH- fall on outstretched hand.
When the clavicle is driven posteriorly.

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3
Q

What are ss of a SC sprain?

A

No pain with isometric shoulder motion- cannot change joint angle.

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4
Q

Why are posterior SC joint dislocations medical emergencies?

A

Subclavian artery, vein, and trachea can be compressed.

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5
Q

How does the AC joint get injured? What tests?

A

FOOSH
Fall on lateral side of the deltoid.
When clavicle is driven away from the acromion.

Piano key test, ROM tests.

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6
Q

What is a common symptom when there is AC joint seperation?

A

Trape spasm.

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7
Q

Clavicular Fracture

A

-fall on tip of clavicle- longitudinal force.
- anterior blow- compressive force.
FOOSH
swelling, spasm, inability to raise arm.

Percussion Test

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8
Q

What deformity is seen with a clavicular fracture.

A

Tent- bone sticking out looks like tent.

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9
Q

What are some factors that make the GH joint more susceptible to injury?

A

1- lots of mobility
2- size of glenoid is smaller than the humeral head.
3- labrum decreases articulation by 15%.

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10
Q

Why are you more likely to dislocate something after the first time?

A

All the supporting structures have been stretched.

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11
Q

When are you most likely to see a shoulder dislocation?

A

External rotation and abduction - arm being pulled back from behind the head.

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12
Q

What atype of GH dislocations are more common in sport?

A

Anterior and Inferior- not enough force not posterior dislocation.

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13
Q

What is a Hill-Sachs lesion? How does it occur?

A

There is a devit on the bone and occurs when the humerus catching or hitting the glenoid.

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14
Q

What is a Bankart lesion? What is a positive test that can represent an injury to the labrum?

A

Detachment of the lacrum.

A positive biceps test.

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15
Q

What are signs and symptoms of labral pathology?

A

Pain is deep within shoulder but can point to the area it is hurting.

Feeling of instability.

Shoulder feels stiff.

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16
Q

What are the roles of the rotator cuff muscles (SITS)?

A

Supraspinatus - abductor

Infraspinatus, teres minor, - external rotators.

Subscapularis - internal rotator.

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17
Q

What are the acute and chronic mechanisms for rotator cuff tendonitis differ? Where is the pain?

A

Acute- can occur when there is a tremendous increase in activity.

Chronic - small buildup of a tear overtime.

Pain is deep in the subacromional space, internal rotation is very painful.

18
Q

What will give you a positive impingement test and a positive empty can test?

A

Subacomial Bursitis.

19
Q

What can swelling in the subacrominal space cause and what are some signs and symptoms?

Special Tests.

A

Rotator cuff impingement.

Painful arc of motion, forward shoulder posture.

Neer, Hawkins, Drop Arm Tests.

20
Q

What rotator cuff muscle typically tears the most? How can it be chronic?

A

Supraspinatus muscle typically tears the most.

Chronic = one has had a previous acute injury and once they reach over 40 there is just repetitive microtrauma.

21
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a long head biceps rupture?

A

Bulging muscle, pain
“Pop”
Swelling and discoloration.

22
Q

What are the scapular stabilizers? Why is the scapulothoracic joint critical?

A
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
  • pectorlais major
  • serratus anterior
  • trapezius
  • rotator cuff muscles.

Important for shoulder abduction.

23
Q

What is a SICK scapula? What syndrome causes this?

A

Scapular Malposition
Inferior medial border prominence.
Coracoid Pain
DysKinesis- worst movement.

Can be caused by ovreuse muscle fatigue syndrome.

24
Q

Why can a supracondylar fracture/ contusion be bad?

A

Can be bad for neurovascular status?

25
Q

What is myositis ossificans? Is there any special tests?

A

A second blow to the same region without the first one healing properly.

No- may be able to feel a lump- laying down of bone.

26
Q

What does the apprehension test check for?

A

Anterior dislocation/ integrity of the GH joint.

27
Q

What does the Neer test used for?

A

Shoulder impingement in the subacrominal space.

28
Q

Painful Arc Test

A

Pain in GH joint and AC joint.

29
Q

Speeds Test

A

Biceps Tendonitis

30
Q

Empty Can Test

A

Injury to rotator cuff -> compression of supraspinatus.

31
Q

Horizontal Adduction Test

A

AC joint compression- piano key on acormion to test for pain.

32
Q

What does the humeroulnar joint allow for articulation with?

A

Between the coronoid process and trochlea of the humerus.

33
Q

What is loose bodies.

A

When there is an articular cartilage injury and the elbow locks and feels like there is something there.

34
Q

Radiohumeral joint

A

articulation between radial head and capitullem. Important in sports because it dislocated in many contact sports.

35
Q

Proximal Radioulnar joint

A

articulation between radial head and radial notch of ulna- only radius pivots with annular ligament providing stability.

36
Q

What ligament gets most injured in the elbow?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament.

37
Q

What is Valgus overload?

A

When the distal aspect of the joint is further from the midline. Valgus stress and rotation traction of the medial ulnar ligament can cause a compressive force on the radial head to impinge the olecranon and olecranon process.

38
Q

Why is a little leaguer’s elbow injury concerning? What can it progress to?

A

Bad because growth plates are still open and children can experience pain going into full flexion. It can cause osteochondritis dessicans.

39
Q

What is the mechanism for radial head fracture?

A

Longitudinal compression with pronation.

40
Q

What is humeroulnar dislocation and how does it occur?

A

When the olecranon pushes into the fossa and up and off the condyles. It occurs through falling backwards and the arm is hyperextension and a large axial force moves through the forearm.

41
Q

What is a common way radioulnar dislocation occurs?

A

When an adult pulls on a child’s arm when the shoulder is flexed. The ulnar ligament is intact but the radial head splits out and goes back in.

42
Q

How does a supracondylar fracture occur? What are some signs and symptoms?

A

Fall on flexed elbow, hyperextension, valgus or varus force.

SS- deformity, pain, swelling, ecchymosis.

KINE 3P80 (7 decks)

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