Week 8 Flashcards
Definition of the Liturgy
This definition comes from the late 11th Century. It is the formal and ritualised prayer of the Church which includes the Eucharisitc service, the Divine Office and a host of other public rites, including processions, blessing and other formal prayer. It constituted of bother texts and symbolic actions, it was done either by the community or by an individual.
Clamour
The practising of Clamouring occurred in the early 11th Century and involved the insertion into the regular daily mass of special supplicatory prayers. It happened within the context of the breakdown of secular authority and the emergence of the Peace of God movement. It is where monks would beseech God for help against the rabid enemies of Church properties. In the ancient world it would indicate the bringing of a legal suit. The clamour was inserted in the canon right before the elevation and communion, a moment at which celebrants were often prostrate before the altar.
Psalm 78
This was a key part of Clamouring, in which this whole psalm was recited in the middle of mass, so also 11th century. It was originally one of the exile Psalms, used to lament the Jewish displacement from the Temple and Jerusalem. Its opening cried out for vengeance on the heathen. It became a rallying cry for the crusade effort and the penitential preparation it required
Las Navas de Tolosa
This was a battle in the early 13th Century where the Christian forces won against the Almohads. Pope Innocent wrote to the King of Castile after the battle to remind him that the victory was the work of God and the Papacy.
Moralised Bibles
This was a Bible made for the crusading King Louis VIII during the early 13th Century. The depictions and prayers in this bible were made to appear very similar to the real life crusading that was occurring, and were seen to reflect the crusading mentality of the time.
Crusade and Pilgrimage in the Liturgy vs The Ottomans
With the Turks advancing in the 13th Century, the ideology of Holy War was no longer keyed to the Holy Sepulcher and was no longer understood as a pilgrimage. The idea of crusade as penitential pilgrimage was thus obsolete. It had been superseded by the waging war in order to protect the people of Christianitas. The blessing of weapons, the blessing of the sword and the blessing and handing over of the battle standard.
Apolocalyptic Theme in 15th C
This theme was often evoked in the Gospel readings, which foretold the destruction of Jerusalem and a say of future judgement. It became dominant after the fall of Constantinople. It was particularly felt in Hungary and Germany where the Ottoman threat was most apparent.
Ezechiel 9
Created in the mid 12th Century, this scene from the Lambeth Bible depicts six men checking for the sign of Tau, and raising their swords to those not marked. It shows the brutality of the romans towards those who do not follow the Christian faith
Nebuchadnezzar
He was seen as an evil emperor during the 6th century in Babylon as he was a Hebrew and promoted the laws and customs of Judaism
