Week 8 Flashcards
What are two of the most common mood disorders?
depression and bipolar
What are the two types of depression that physicians diagnose into?
- clinical depression
2. major depression
For a person to be diagnosed with clinical depression, symptoms must last at least:
two weeks
What is psychotic depression?
Severe depression combined with psychotic episodes such as hallucinations of delusions.
How many basic types of bipolar disorder are there?
4
What is bipolar 1?
The most severe form. Manic episodes last at least 7 days and may require hospitalization. Depression can last at least two weeks.
What is bipolar 2 disorder?
Similar depression cycles to biopolar 1, however this type will also experience hypomania (less severe than manic).
What is cyclothymia disorder?
Milder form of bipolar. irregular mood swings.
What is intermittent explosive disorder?
Episodes of unwarranted anger.
How many people worldwide are affected with depression?
264 million
What is the second leading cause of death in 15-29 year olds?
suicide
How many people die per year due to suicide?
800 000
What are some barriers for effective depression care in some countries?
- lack of resources
- lack of trained professionals
- social stigma
Depression can be subdivided into:
mild, moderate, severe
Depression results from a complex interaction of what 3 factors?
social, psychological and biological
There are interrelationships between depression and physical health. For example:
cardiovascular disease can lead to depression and vice versa
Although it differs because of delivery of intervention or individual preferences, wha are the 4 main treatments for depression:
- CBT
- Interpersonal psychotherapy
- medication (SSRIs)
- tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
From the year before COVID to that after in the UK:
mood disorders doubled
From the year before COVD to that after in the US:
mood disorders increased almost 4 times
If you have a mood disorder, your mood is:
inconsistent with your circumstances
affects everyday functioning
What are some symptoms of clinical depression:
- disruption of eating and drinking
- lack of motivation
- hopelessness
- loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
- headaches, fatigue
- sleep disruption
As well as meeting 5 of the broad qualifications, what other 4 things have to be met to diagnose depression:
- impairment in functioning
- not caused by substances or medical condition
- not better explained by other psychotic disorder
- no history of manic episode
Grief can lead to depressions but
it is not the same thing
How do tricyclic antidepressants work?
at on reuptake (block seratonin)
block histomine
act on chlorine receptors
What are MAO involved in?
The recycling and breaking down of a neurotransmitter
ECT induces a somewhat seizure when under anesthetic has been shown to be highly affective in treating:
severe depressive disorder, mania and psychosis
ECT is prescribed by a __
psychiatrist
What is another effective treatment for depression, which is not permanent effects, but relieves severe depression
lower doses of Ketamine, treatment is rapid
Ketamine is an:
antagonist of the NMDA receptor, one of the glutamate receptors.
NMDA block, glutamate burst.
Both located post synaptically.
What is the most common biopolar treatment for the mania?
The person might be given antidepressants for the depressive aspect.
lithium. ions react with glutamate, nopanergec system and GABA postsynatptically.
More GABA, less excitation through glutamate.
What is one challenge with Lithium dosage?
It is a metal, it can be toxic. Need to have a safe level in the blood
What is commonly used in epilepsy, but also given in biopolar patients?
valproic acid
