Week 7 - Sport Psychology Flashcards
What is Sport Psychology?
A science that focuses on psychological principles applied in a sport/exercise setting.
Sport psychologists help people reach what 3 potentials?
Confidence
Motivation
Self-Control
What are the (2) types of self-confidence?
Global-Self Confidence: General
Situation-Specific Self-Confidence: eg soccer player shooting for goal
Self-efficacy is a form of what type of S-C?
Situation specific
What is self-efficacy in a sporting context?
Belief in your ability to execute actions required to produce a desired outcome.
It is a strong predictor of athletic performance
What are Bandura’s 4 elements of self-efficacy?
Successful Performance
Vicarious Experience
Verbal Persuasion
Emotional Arousal
Explain what it means by Successful Performance
Experiences success helps athletes develop a sense of self-efficacy
Explain what it means by Vicarious Experience
Self-efficacy can be derived from observing the success of others
What is participatory modelling?
Observing performance and then attempting with assistance
What does it mean by Verbal Persuasion?
Encouragement from coaches, family and friends can develop self-efficacy
Explain what it means by Emotional Arousal
Emotional and physical arousal can impact attention and skill development
What is Psychological Momentum?
A positive or negative change in cognition, physiology and behaviour caused by an event or series of events that will result in a commensurate shift in performance and competitive outcome eg slam dunk
What is the Hot-Hand Phenomenon?
Idea that performance improves a string of success
What are the (2) types of arousal hypotheses?
Inverted U Hypothesis
Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning
Explain the Inverted U Hypothesis
At extreme highs and lows in arousal we find detriments in performance
When arousal is moderate, there is an ideal level of heightened arousal that results in maximal performance
Explain the Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning
Optimal levels of anxiety differ from person to person, control techniques can be used to fall into optimal range
Ideal level of arousal is determined through retrospective scales of state anxiety, a confidence interval is formed around this value creating an individual zone of optimal functioning
What are some types of unhelpful stressors?
Worrying about failure, opponents, weather
What is the anxiety stress spiral?
Making a mistake at the beginning which leads to a flow on effect
What style of coping do athletes tend to use?
Approach style (problem or action focused)
What are 2 kinds of coping styles?
Self talk
Relaxation strategies
What are task-specific statements?
reinforcing aspects of technique
What are the 3 kinds of self talk?
task-specific statements
encouragement
mood words
Explain encouragement self-talk
Reminding yourself you can do it
What are mood words?
Saying words before you perform an action eg take a shot
Self-Talk is effect in improving what 2 things?
self-efficacy
performance
What are the 3 types of relaxation strategies
Progressive Relaxation
Autogenic Training
Meditation
What is Progressive Relaxation?
A process of tensing and relaxing muscles in a predetermined order
What is Autogenic Training?
Heavy/warm sensation in the limbs
What is Biofeedback?
Instruments to monitor things like heart rate allowing athlete to view their heart rate as they experience different thoughts/feelings
How would biofeedback be influential for an athlete?
Allows them to observe situations that slow their heart rate and then practice this in a sporting setting
What are types of energising strategies?
Pep-talks, music, physical movement
